Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Andrews Engineering, Inc., 3300 Ginger Creek Drive, Springfield, IL 62711, USA.
Biodesign Swette Center for Environmental Biotechnology, Arizona State University, 1001 S McAllister Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; School of Sustainable Engineering and the Built Environment, Arizona State University, 660 S College Ave, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA; Engineering Research Center for Bio-mediated and Bio-inspired Geotechnics (CBBG), Arizona State University, 650 E Tyler Mall, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 15;925:171667. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171667. Epub 2024 Mar 12.
In situ aerobic cometabolism of groundwater contaminants has been demonstrated to be a valuable bioremediation technology to treat many legacy and emerging contaminants in dilute plumes. Several well-designed and documented field studies have shown that this technology can concurrently treat multiple contaminants and reach very low cleanup goals. Fundamentally different from metabolism-based biodegradation of contaminants, microorganisms that cometabolically degrade contaminants do not obtain sufficient carbon and energy from the degradation process to support their growth and require an exogenous growth supporting primary substrate. Successful applications of aerobic cometabolic treatment therefore require special considerations beyond conventional in situ bioremediation, such as competitive inhibition between growth-supporting primary substrate(s) and contaminant non-growth substrates, toxic effects resulting from contaminant degradation, and differences in microbial population dynamics exhibited by biostimulated indigenous consortia versus bioaugmentation cultures. This article first provides a general review of microbiological factors that are likely to affect the rate of aerobic cometabolic biodegradation. We subsequently review fourteen well documented field-scale aerobic cometabolic bioremediation studies and summarize the underlying microbiological factors that may affect the performance observed in these field studies. The combination of microbiological and engineering principles gained from field testing leads to insights and recommendations on planning, design, and operation of an in situ aerobic cometabolic treatment system. With a vision of more aerobic cometabolic treatments being considered to tackle large, dilute plumes, we present several novel topics and future research directions that can potentially enhance technology development and foster success in implementing this technology for environmental restoration.
地下水污染物的原位好氧共代谢已被证明是一种有价值的生物修复技术，可用于处理许多传统和新兴的稀疏散布污染物。多项精心设计和记录良好的现场研究表明，该技术可以同时处理多种污染物，并达到非常低的清理目标。与基于代谢的污染物生物降解根本不同的是，共代谢降解污染物的微生物不能从降解过程中获得足够的碳和能量来支持其生长，并且需要外源性生长支持的主要底物。因此，成功应用好氧共代谢处理需要考虑到一些常规原位生物修复之外的特殊因素，例如生长支持的主要底物（s）与污染物非生长底物之间的竞争抑制、污染物降解产生的毒性效应，以及生物刺激土著共生体与生物增强培养物表现出的微生物种群动态的差异。本文首先概述了可能影响好氧共代谢生物降解速率的微生物因素。随后，我们回顾了 14 项经过充分记录的现场规模好氧共代谢生物修复研究，并总结了可能影响这些现场研究中观察到的性能的潜在微生物因素。从现场测试中获得的微生物学和工程学原理的结合，为规划、设计和运行原位好氧共代谢处理系统提供了见解和建议。鉴于更多的好氧共代谢处理被考虑用于处理大型稀疏散布的污染物，我们提出了几个新的主题和未来的研究方向，这些主题和方向有可能增强技术发展，并促进该技术在环境修复中的成功应用。
