Tahernejad Somayeh, Farahi-Ashtiani Iman, Veisani Yousef, Ghaffari Sina, Sahebi Ali, Makki Faezeh
Department of Occupational Health Engineering and Safety at Work, School of Public Health, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, School of Public Health and Safety, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
J Safety Res. 2024 Feb;88:374-381. doi: 10.1016/j.jsr.2023.11.009. Epub 2023 Nov 22.
Due to the nature of their job, firefighters face many ergonomic risk factors and are exposed to several musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the prevalence of MSDs among firefighters.
This study was conducted based on preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. The literature search was conducted in the databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, SID, ISC and Google Scholar without applying a time limitation until the end of July 2022. The random effects model was used for meta-analysis, and the I index was used to check heterogeneity among studies. The data were analyzed using STATA version 14 software.
The primary literature searches in the databases identified 1,291 articles, 26 of which were entered the meta-analysis stage after screening, study selection, and quality assessment, including 36,342 firefighters. Based on the results of a meta-analysis, the overall prevalence of MSDs among firefighters was 46.39% (95% CI: 32.45-60.32, I = 99.7%, P < 0.001). The prevalence of MSDs was also investigated at neck (18.36%), low back (34.32%), shoulder (18.68%), hands (7.43%), upper back (10.15%), knee (19.97%) and foot (6.66%).
Considering the relatively high prevalence of MSDs among firefighters and their higher exposition to specific job-related risk factors of MSDs compared to other professions, it is suggested to provide firefighters with appropriate training, implement ergonomic interventions, and regularly screen them to reduce MSDs.
由于工作性质，消防员面临许多人体工程学风险因素，并易患多种肌肉骨骼疾病（MSD）。本系统评价和荟萃分析的目的是调查消防员中MSD的患病率。
本研究基于系统评价和荟萃分析的首选报告项目（PRISMA）指南进行。在PubMed、Scopus、科学网、科学Direct、SID、ISC和谷歌学术数据库中进行文献检索，检索时间不限，直至2022年7月底。采用随机效应模型进行荟萃分析，并用I指数检验研究间的异质性。使用STATA 14版软件进行数据分析。
数据库中的初步文献检索共识别出1291篇文章，其中26篇在经过筛选、研究选择和质量评估后进入荟萃分析阶段，共纳入36342名消防员。基于荟萃分析结果，消防员中MSD的总体患病率为46.39%（95%CI：32.45-60.32，I=99.7%，P<0.001）。还对颈部（18.36%）、下背部（34.32%）、肩部（18.68%）、手部（7.43%）、上背部（10.15%）、膝盖（19.97%）和足部（6.66%）的MSD患病率进行了调查。
考虑到消防员中MSD的患病率相对较高，且与其他职业相比，他们接触MSD特定工作相关风险因素的程度更高，建议为消防员提供适当培训，实施人体工程学干预措施，并定期对他们进行筛查，以减少MSD。
