Kadege Edith L, B Venkataramana Pavithravani, Assefa Teshale, Ndunguru Joseph C, Rubyogo Jean Claude, Mbega Ernest R
School of Life Sciences and Bioengineering, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha, 447, Tanzania.
Department of Bean Research, Alliance of Bioversity International and the International Center for Tropical Agriculture, 2704, Arusha, Tanzania.
Heliyon. 2024 Feb 27;10(5):e26917. doi: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26917. eCollection 2024 Mar 15.
Anthracnose caused by is the major common bean disease worldwide causing complete yield loss under favourable disease conditions. This study aimed to determine phenotypic traits associated with anthracnose resistance for future use in breeding programmes. Twenty-two common bean varieties (CBVs) were selected basing on susceptibility to anthracnose, advanced breeding lines, improved variety resembling advanced breeding lines and the farmer variety widely grown in Tanzania. Selected varieties were planted in anthracnose hotspot fields and the same CBVs were planted in a screen house to validate resistance to anthracnose. Anthracnose infection score, leaf length, leaf width, length of fifth internode, length of petiole, plant vigour, canopy height and canopy width were recorded. Data on number of plants emerging; days to flowering; days to maturity; plant stands at harvest; and grain yield were also collected and analysed using R software. Phenotypic traits evaluated differed significantly among genotypes, environment and genotype by environment interaction. Seventy-five percent of phenotypic traits evaluated were positively correlated to anthracnose resistance. Highly-strong correlations to anthracnose were observed on number of days to maturity, plant stands at harvest, plant vigour and grain yield. Leaf length, leaf width, length of fifth internode, length of petiole and number of stands emerging were strongly correlated to anthracnose resistance. Additive main effects and multiplicative interaction analysis (AMMI) revealed highest contribution of environment on anthracnose infection-58.9% and grain yield -84.9% compared to genotype effects on anthracnose infection -32.7% and grain yield-15.7%. Based on these results, four traits - plant vigour, number of days to maturity, number of plant stands at harvest and grain yield - are recommended for selecting anthracnose-resistant varieties. NUA 48, NUA 64 and RWR 2154 were superior varieties, resistant to anthracnose and high yielding, while Sweet Violet and VTT 923-23-10 were most stable varieties across environments. Further on-farm research is suggested to assess their performance and identify traits preferred by farmers.
由[病原体名称缺失]引起的炭疽病是全球范围内菜豆的主要病害，在适宜的病害条件下会导致产量完全损失。本研究旨在确定与炭疽病抗性相关的表型性状，以供未来育种计划使用。根据对炭疽病的易感性、先进育种系、类似先进育种系的改良品种以及坦桑尼亚广泛种植的农家品种，选择了22个菜豆品种（CBV）。所选品种种植在炭疽病高发田块，并在温室中种植相同的CBV以验证对炭疽病的抗性。记录炭疽病感染评分、叶长、叶宽、第五节间长度、叶柄长度、植株活力、冠层高度和冠层宽度。还收集了出苗植株数、开花天数、成熟天数、收获时的植株数和籽粒产量的数据，并使用R软件进行分析。所评估的表型性状在基因型、环境以及基因型与环境的相互作用之间存在显著差异。所评估的75%的表型性状与炭疽病抗性呈正相关。在成熟天数、收获时的植株数、植株活力和籽粒产量方面观察到与炭疽病有高度强相关性。叶长、叶宽、第五节间长度、叶柄长度和出苗株数与炭疽病抗性密切相关。加性主效应和乘法交互作用分析（AMMI）显示，与基因型对炭疽病感染的影响（32.7%）和籽粒产量的影响（15.7%）相比，环境对炭疽病感染的贡献最大（58.9%），对籽粒产量的贡献最大（84.9%）。基于这些结果，推荐四个性状——植株活力、成熟天数、收获时的植株数和籽粒产量——用于选择抗炭疽病品种。NUA 48、NUA 64和RWR 2154是优良品种，抗炭疽病且高产，而甜紫罗兰和VTT 923 - 23 - 10是跨环境最稳定的品种。建议进一步开展田间研究，以评估它们的表现并确定农民偏好的性状。
