Can GW handle multireference systems?

Due to the infinite summation of bubble diagrams, the GW approximation of Green's function perturbation theory has proven particularly effective in the weak correlation regime, where this family of Feynman diagrams is important. However, the performance of GW in multireference molecular systems, characterized by strong electron correlation, remains relatively unexplored. In the present study, we investigate the ability of GW to handle closed-shell multireference systems in their singlet ground state by examining four paradigmatic scenarios. First, we analyze a prototypical example of a chemical reaction involving strong correlation: the potential energy curve of BeH2 during the insertion of a beryllium atom into a hydrogen molecule. Second, we compute the electron detachment and attachment energies of a set of molecules that exhibit a variable degree of multireference character at their respective equilibrium geometries: LiF, BeO, BN, C2, B2, and O3. Third, we consider a H6 cluster with a triangular arrangement, which features a notable degree of spin frustration. Finally, the dissociation curve of the HF molecule is studied as an example of single bond breaking. These investigations highlight a nuanced perspective on the performance of GW for strong correlation depending on the level of self-consistency, the choice of initial guess, and the presence of spin-symmetry breaking at the Hartree-Fock level.