Tao Jiayu, Yang Youqin, Wang Qiong
Southwest Key Laboratory of Wildlife Conservation (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China.
Plants (Basel). 2024 Feb 12;13(4):511. doi: 10.3390/plants13040511.
Climate warming profoundly affects the vegetative growth, flowering phenology and sexual reproduction of plants; therefore, it affects the ornamental value of wild flowers. Despite this, the extent and mechanism of the impact remain unclear. Here, we conducted a warming experiment for two growing seasons (increases of 1.89 °C in 2017 and 2.37 °C in 2018) with infrared heaters to examine the effects of warming on the ornamental value of the wild flower , endemic to China, in Mount Emei. We evaluated the comprehensive ornamental value based on plant morphology and flowering characteristics using the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and disentangled the impact of the two traits on ornamental value using principal component analysis (PCA) and the partial least squares structural equation model (PLS-SEM) under ambient and warming treatments. We hypothesized that warming would reduce the ornamental value of in terms of plant morphology and flowering traits. Our results showed that warming significantly decreased plant height and crown width and increased branch number and single-leaf area. Warming also decreased vexillum length, corolla tube length, nectar spur length and pedicel length. In addition, warming shortened flowering duration per plant and reduced flower number, while there was no significant effect on flower longevity and flower color at full-bloom stage between the control and warming treatment. Therefore, the comprehensive ornamental value under warming was lower than that under the control. Pedicel length, flower color, flower longevity and flowering duration per plant were the main factors affecting the comprehensive ornamental value. The PLS-SEM showed that warming had an indirect negative effect on ornamental value via direct negative effects on flowering traits. Collectively, these results indicate that, although promoting vegetative growth, short-term warming significantly decreased the ornamental value of due to warming-caused smaller flowers and shorter flowering duration.
气候变暖深刻影响植物的营养生长、开花物候和有性繁殖；因此，它影响野花的观赏价值。尽管如此，其影响程度和机制仍不清楚。在此，我们使用红外加热器进行了为期两个生长季的增温实验（2017年升温1.89℃，2018年升温2.37℃），以研究增温对中国峨眉山特有野花观赏价值的影响。我们采用层次分析法（AHP）基于植物形态和开花特征评估综合观赏价值，并在常温与增温处理下，使用主成分分析（PCA）和偏最小二乘结构方程模型（PLS-SEM）剖析这两个性状对观赏价值的影响。我们假设增温会在植物形态和开花性状方面降低的观赏价值。我们的结果表明，增温显著降低了株高和冠幅，增加了分枝数和单叶面积。增温还降低了旗瓣长度、花冠管长度、蜜距长度和花梗长度。此外，增温缩短了单株开花持续时间并减少了花的数量，而在对照和增温处理之间，盛花期的花寿命和花色没有显著影响。因此，增温条件下的综合观赏价值低于对照。花梗长度、花色、花寿命和单株开花持续时间是影响综合观赏价值的主要因素。PLS-SEM表明，增温通过对开花性状的直接负面影响，对观赏价值产生间接负面影响。总体而言，这些结果表明，尽管促进了营养生长，但短期增温由于花朵变小和开花持续时间缩短，显著降低了的观赏价值。
