OBJECTIVE

To estimate the prevalence of dyslipidemia and to describe its management in Canadian primary care.

DESIGN

Retrospective cohort study using primary care electronic medical record data.

SETTING

Canada.

PARTICIPANTS

Adults aged 40 years or older who saw a Canadian Primary Care Sentinel Surveillance Network contributor between January 1, 2018, and December 31, 2019.

MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES

Presence or absence of dyslipidemia as identified by a validated case definition and the treatment status of patients identified as having dyslipidemia based on having been prescribed a lipid-lowering agent (LLA).

RESULTS

In total, 50.0% of the 773,081 patients 40 years of age or older who had had a primary care visit in 2018 or 2019 were identified as having dyslipidemia. Dyslipidemia was more prevalent in patients 65 or older (61.5%), in males (56.7%) versus females (44.7%), and in those living in urban areas (50.0%) versus rural areas (45.2%). In patients with documented dyslipidemia, 42.8% had evidence of treatment with an LLA. Stratifying patients by Framingham risk score revealed that those in the high-risk category were more likely to have been prescribed an LLA (65.0%) compared with those in the intermediate-risk group (48.7%) or the low-risk group (22.8%). The strongest determinants of receiving LLA treatment for dyslipidemia include sex, with males being 1.95 times more likely to have been treated compared with females (95% CI 1.91 to 1.98; <.0001); and body mass index, with those with obesity having a significantly increased likelihood of being treated with an LLA (adjusted odds ratio of 1.36, 95% CI 1.32 to 1.41; <.0001).

CONCLUSION

This study provides an updated look at the prevalence and treatment of dyslipidemia among Canadians. Half of patients aged 40 years or older have dyslipidemia, with an even higher prevalence observed among adults aged 65 years or older, males, and those with obesity or other chronic conditions. There are still gaps in treatment among those with documented dyslipidemia, principally among those calculated to have high or intermediate Framingham risk scores. Particular attention should also be paid to those at higher risk for not receiving treatment, including female patients and those within normal body mass index ranges.