Jalali Mohammad, Bahadoran Zahra, Mirmiran Parvin, Khalili Davood, Symonds Michael E, Azizi Fereidoun, Faghih Shiva
Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Razi Ave, Shiraz, Iran.
Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Shahid-Erabi St., Yeman St., Velenjak, Tehran, Iran.
Nutr Metab (Lond). 2024 Mar 19;21(1):14. doi: 10.1186/s12986-024-00788-x.
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of death worldwide, although limited data are currently available regarding the impact of consuming ultra-processed food (UPF) on its incidence. Given the increased consumption of UPF in Iran, we aimed to investigate the association between UPF intake and CVD risk.
Individuals without CVD (n = 2050) aged ≥ 30 years old were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study (TLGS). Dietary data were collected using a validated food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and UPF intakes were assessed based on the Nova food classification. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for potential confounders were used to estimate the hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the risk of CVD across tertiles of UPF intake.
A 10.1% incidence of CVD occurred over a median follow-up of 10.6 years, with a 22% increase in CVD risk per each 50 g/day UPF intake. Participants with the highest intake of UPF had a 68% greater incidence of CVD compared to those with the lowest intake (HR = 1.68, 95% CI=1.14-2.48) after controlling for potential confounders. Regarding sub-groups of UPF, participants in the 3rd tertile compared to the reference had a significantly increased risk of CVD (HR = 1.56, 95% CI=1.04-2.34). Nevertheless, intake of bread, fast food, sweetened beverages, sweets and desserts, high-fat dairy products, and other UPFs were not associated with greater CVD risk.
Our findings support the hypothesis that the incidence of CVD is enhanced with the higher consumption of UPF in a representative sample of the Iranian population.
心血管疾病（CVD）是全球主要死因，尽管目前关于食用超加工食品（UPF）对其发病率影响的数据有限。鉴于伊朗超加工食品消费的增加，我们旨在研究超加工食品摄入量与心血管疾病风险之间的关联。
从德黑兰血脂与血糖研究（TLGS）中招募年龄≥30岁且无心血管疾病的个体（n = 2050）。使用经过验证的食物频率问卷（FFQ）收集饮食数据，并根据诺瓦食物分类法评估超加工食品摄入量。使用针对潜在混杂因素进行调整的多变量Cox比例风险模型来估计超加工食品摄入量三分位数中患心血管疾病风险的风险比（HR）和95%置信区间（95%CI）。
在中位随访10.6年期间，心血管疾病发病率为10.1%，每摄入50克/天超加工食品，心血管疾病风险增加22%。在控制潜在混杂因素后，超加工食品摄入量最高的参与者患心血管疾病的发病率比摄入量最低的参与者高68%（HR = 1.68，95%CI = 1.14 - 2.48）。关于超加工食品的亚组，与参考组相比，第三三分位数的参与者患心血管疾病的风险显著增加（HR = 1.56，95%CI = 1.04 - 2.34）。然而，面包、快餐、含糖饮料、糖果和甜点、高脂肪乳制品及其他超加工食品的摄入量与更高的心血管疾病风险无关。
我们的研究结果支持这样的假设，即在伊朗人群的代表性样本中，超加工食品消费量增加会提高心血管疾病的发病率。
