Department of Radiology, University Hospital Basel, Petersgraben 4, 4031 Basel, Switzerland.
Building Management, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2024 Jun;222(6):e2430988. doi: 10.2214/AJR.24.30988. Epub 2024 Mar 20.
The energy demand of interventional imaging systems has historically been estimated using manufacturer-provided specifications rather than directly measured. The purpose of this study was to investigate the energy consumption of interventional imaging systems and estimate potential savings in the carbon emissions and electricity costs of such systems through hypothetical operational adjustments. An interventional radiology suite, neurointerventional suite, radiology fluoroscopy unit, two cardiology laboratories, and two urology fluoroscopy units were equipped with power sensors. Power measurement logs were extracted for a single 4-week period for each radiology and cardiology system (all between June 1, 2022, and November 28, 2022) and for the 2-week period from July 31, 2023, to August 13, 2023, for each urology system. Power statuses, procedure time stamps, and fluoroscopy times were extracted from various sources. System activity was divided into off, idle (no patient in room), active (patient in room for procedure), and net-imaging (active fluoroscopic image acquisition) states. Projected annual energy consumption was calculated. Potential annual savings in carbon emissions and electricity costs through hypothetical operational adjustments were estimated using published values for Switzerland. Across the seven systems, the mean power draw was 0.3-1.1, 0.7-7.4, 0.9-7.6, and 1.9-12.5 kW in the off, idle, active, and net-imaging states, respectively. Across systems, the off state, in comparison with the idle state, showed a decrease in the mean power draw of 0.2-6.9 kW (relative decrease, 22.2-93.2%). The systems had a combined projected annual energy consumption of 115,684 kWh (range, 3646-26,576 kWh per system). The systems' combined projected energy consumption occurring outside the net-imaging state accounted for 93.3% (107,978/115,684 kWh) of projected total energy consumption (range, 89.2-99.4% per system). A hypothetical operational adjustment whereby all systems would be switched from the idle state to the off state overnight and on weekends (versus being operated in idle mode 24 hours a day, 7 days a week) would yield the following potential annual savings: for energy consumption, 144,640 kWh; for carbon emissions, 18.6 metric tons of CO equivalent; and for electricity costs, US$37,896. Interventional imaging systems are energy intensive, having high consumption outside of image acquisition periods. Strategic operational adjustments (e.g., powering down idle systems) can substantially decrease the carbon emissions and electricity costs of interventional imaging systems.
介入成像系统的能量需求历来是使用制造商提供的规格来估计，而不是直接测量。本研究的目的是调查介入成像系统的能耗，并通过假设的操作调整来估计此类系统的碳排放和电费节约潜力。一个介入放射科套房、神经介入套房、放射科透视单元、两个心脏病学实验室和两个泌尿科透视单元都配备了功率传感器。为每个放射科和心脏病学系统（均在 2022 年 6 月 1 日至 11 月 28 日之间）和 2023 年 7 月 31 日至 8 月 13 日的每个泌尿科系统的单个 4 周期间提取功率测量日志。从各种来源提取系统状态、程序时间戳和透视时间。将系统活动分为关闭、空闲（房间内无患者）、活动（房间内有患者进行手术）和净成像（活动透视图像采集）状态。计算了预计的年能耗。通过使用瑞士公布的值，估算了通过假设的操作调整节省的潜在年度碳排放和电费。在这七个系统中，关闭状态下的平均功率分别为 0.3-1.1kW、0.7-7.4kW、0.9-7.6kW 和 1.9-12.5kW，空闲状态、活动状态和净成像状态下的平均功率分别为 0.2-6.9kW（相对减少 22.2-93.2%）。与空闲状态相比，系统的关闭状态显示平均功率降低了 0.2-6.9kW（相对减少 22.2-93.2%）。这些系统的预计年总能耗为 115684kWh（范围为每个系统 3646-26576kWh）。这些系统在净成像状态之外的总预计能耗为 93.3%（107978/115684kWh）（每个系统范围为 89.2-99.4%）。假设的操作调整是将所有系统从空闲状态切换到关闭状态（而不是 24 小时/天、7 天/周处于空闲模式），则每年可节省以下电量：144640kWh；碳排放量，18.6 公吨 CO 当量；和电费，37896 美元。介入成像系统能耗高，在图像采集期外消耗大。战略性的操作调整（例如，关闭空闲系统）可以大大降低介入成像系统的碳排放和电费。
