College of Business Administration, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin, China.
Department of Economics and Finance, University of Ha'il, Ha'il, Saudi Arabia.
PLoS One. 2024 Mar 20;19(3):e0298545. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298545. eCollection 2024.
Advances in financial inclusions have contributed to economic growth and poverty alleviation, addressing environmental implications and implementing measures to mitigate climate change. Financial inclusions force advanced countries to progress their policies in a manner that does not hinder developing countries' current and future development. Consequently, this research examined the asymmetric effects of information and communication technology (ICT), financial inclusion, consumption of primary energy, employment to population ratio, and human development index on CO2 emissions in oil-producing countries (UAE, Nigeria, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Norway, Kazakhstan, Kuwait, Iraq, USA, and Canada). The study utilizes annual panel data spanning from 1990 to 2021. In addition, this study investigates the validity of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) trend on the entire sample, taking into account the effects of energy consumption and population to investigate the impact of financial inclusion on environmental degradation. The study used quantile regression, FMOLS, and FE-OLS techniques. Preliminary outcomes revealed that the data did not follow a normal distribution, emphasizing the need to use quantile regression (QR). This technique can effectively detect outliers, data non-normality, and structural changes. The outcomes from the quantile regression analysis indicate that ICT consistently reduces CO2 emissions in all quantiles (ranging from the 1st to the 9th quantile). In the same way, financial inclusion, and employment to population ratio constrains CO2 emissions across each quantile. On the other side, primary energy consumption and Human development index were found to increase CO2 emissions in each quantile (1st to 9th). The findings of this research have implications for both the academic and policy domains. By unraveling the intricate interplay between financial inclusion, ICT, and environmental degradation in oil-producing nations, the study contributes to a nuanced understanding of sustainable development challenges. Ultimately, the research aims to guide the formulation of targeted policies that leverage financial inclusion and technology to foster environmentally responsible economic growth in oil-dependent economies.
金融包容性的进步促进了经济增长和减贫,同时解决了环境影响问题,并采取措施缓解气候变化。金融包容性迫使先进国家以不阻碍发展中国家当前和未来发展的方式推进其政策。因此,本研究考察了信息和通信技术(ICT)、金融包容性、初级能源消费、人口就业比率和人类发展指数对石油生产国(阿联酋、尼日利亚、俄罗斯、沙特阿拉伯、挪威、哈萨克斯坦、科威特、伊拉克、美国和加拿大)二氧化碳排放的不对称影响。本研究使用了 1990 年至 2021 年的年度面板数据。此外,本研究还考虑了能源消费和人口的影响,检验了环境库兹涅茨曲线(EKC)趋势在整个样本中的有效性,以研究金融包容性对环境退化的影响。本研究使用了分位数回归、FMOLS 和 FE-OLS 技术。初步结果表明,数据不符合正态分布,这强调了使用分位数回归(QR)的必要性。该技术可以有效地检测异常值、数据非正态性和结构变化。分位数回归分析的结果表明,ICT 在所有分位数(第 1 分到第 9 分位数)上都持续降低 CO2 排放。同样,金融包容性和人口就业比率在每个分位数上都限制了 CO2 排放。另一方面,初级能源消费和人类发展指数被发现会增加每个分位数(第 1 分到第 9 分位数)的 CO2 排放。本研究的结果对学术界和政策领域都具有意义。通过揭示金融包容性、ICT 和石油生产国环境退化之间的复杂相互作用,该研究为深入了解可持续发展挑战做出了贡献。最终,本研究旨在为制定有针对性的政策提供指导,利用金融包容性和技术促进石油依赖型经济体的环境友好型经济增长。