Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Neuromedicine and Movement Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation; Physiotherapy, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
Department of Statistics, Umeå School of Business, Economics and Statistics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
J Electromyogr Kinesiol. 2024 Jun;76:102870. doi: 10.1016/j.jelekin.2024.102870. Epub 2024 Mar 7.
Kinematic studies suggest that injury of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) leads to long-lasting movement deficits or compensations to unload the injured knee. This study evaluated lower body kinematics during squats in individuals who suffered unilateral ACL-injury more than 20 years ago.
Using motion capture, we compared maximum squat depth, time to complete the squat task, detailed kinematics, estimated kinetic-chain joint moments 0- 80° knee flexion, and weight distribution between legs across three groups with (ACL, n = 27) and without ACL-reconstructive surgery (ACL, physiotherapy only, n = 28), and age-matched non-injured asymptomatic Controls (n = 31, average age across groups 47 years).
ACL demonstrated significantly reduced squat depth compared to Controls (p = 0.004), whereas ACL performed similarly to Controls (p = 1.000). Other outcome variables were comparable between groups. All participants nevertheless demonstrated asymmetric weight distribution between legs but without systematic unloading of the injured side in the ACLgroups.
Expected compensatory strategies were not found in the ACL-groups, while poorer squat performance in the ACL-deficient group may depend on pure knee-joint mechanics, or lifestyle factors attributed to a less stable knee decades after ACL-injury.
运动学研究表明，前交叉韧带（ACL）损伤会导致膝关节长期运动功能障碍或代偿，以减轻受伤膝关节的负荷。本研究评估了 20 多年前单侧 ACL 损伤患者深蹲时的下肢运动学。
使用运动捕捉技术，我们比较了三组人群的最大深蹲深度、完成深蹲任务的时间、详细的运动学、0-80°膝关节屈曲时估计的动力学链关节力矩以及双腿之间的体重分布，包括 ACL 患者（n=27）、未行 ACL 重建手术（ACL，仅接受物理治疗，n=28）和年龄匹配的无受伤无症状对照组（n=31，平均年龄 across groups 为 47 岁）。
ACL 患者的深蹲深度明显低于对照组（p=0.004），而 ACL 患者与对照组的表现相似（p=1.000）。组间其他结果变量无差异。所有参与者的双腿之间仍然存在不对称的体重分布，但在 ACL 组中，受伤侧并未出现系统性的负荷减轻。
ACL 组未发现预期的代偿策略，而 ACL 缺失组较差的深蹲表现可能取决于单纯的膝关节力学，或与 ACL 损伤后数十年膝关节稳定性下降相关的生活方式因素。
