Toxicology and Pharmacology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Humanities, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulatur 603203, Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu, India.
Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia.
Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol. 2024 Jun;280:109898. doi: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2024.109898. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
This study investigated the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B in zebrafish and its transgenerational effects on the F1 generation. In silico toxicity predictions revealed high toxicity of rhodamine B, mainly targeting pathways associated with the reproductive and endocrine systems. In vivo experiments on zebrafish demonstrated that rhodamine B exposure at a concentration of 1.5 mg/L led to significant impairments in fecundity parameters, particularly affecting females. Histopathological analysis revealed distinct changes in reproductive organs, further confirming the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B, with females being more susceptible than males. Gene expression studies indicated significant suppression of genes crucial for ovulation in rhodamine B-treated female fish, highlighting hormonal imbalance as a potential mechanism of reproductive toxicity. Furthermore, bioaccumulation studies showed the presence of rhodamine B in both adult fish gonads and F1 generation samples, suggesting transgenerational transfer of the dye. Embryotoxicity studies on F1 generation larvae demonstrated reduced survival rates, lower hatching rates, and increased malformations in groups exposed to rhodamine B. Moreover, rhodamine B induced oxidative stress in F1 generation larvae, as evidenced by elevated levels of reactive oxygen species and altered antioxidant enzyme activity. Neurotoxicity assessments revealed reduced acetylcholinesterase activity, indicating potential neurological impairments in F1 generation larvae. Additionally, locomotory defects and skeletal abnormalities were observed in F1 generation larvae exposed to rhodamine B. This study provides comprehensive evidence of the reproductive toxicity of rhodamine B in adult zebrafish and its transgenerational effects on the F1 generation.
本研究调查了罗丹明 B 在斑马鱼中的生殖毒性及其对 F1 代的跨代效应。基于计算的毒性预测表明，罗丹明 B 具有较高的毒性，主要靶向与生殖和内分泌系统相关的途径。在斑马鱼体内实验中，发现罗丹明 B 暴露在 1.5mg/L 的浓度下导致生育力参数显著受损，尤其对雌性产生影响。组织病理学分析显示生殖器官发生明显变化，进一步证实了罗丹明 B 的生殖毒性，且雌性比雄性更易受影响。基因表达研究表明，在罗丹明 B 处理的雌性鱼类中，与排卵相关的关键基因显著受到抑制，提示激素失衡可能是其生殖毒性的潜在机制。此外，生物蓄积研究表明罗丹明 B 存在于成年鱼的性腺和 F1 代样本中，提示该染料具有跨代传递的能力。对 F1 代幼虫的胚胎毒性研究表明，暴露于罗丹明 B 的实验组的存活率降低、孵化率降低且畸形率增加。此外，罗丹明 B 诱导了 F1 代幼虫的氧化应激，表现为活性氧水平升高和抗氧化酶活性改变。神经毒性评估显示乙酰胆碱酯酶活性降低，表明 F1 代幼虫可能存在神经损伤。此外，在暴露于罗丹明 B 的 F1 代幼虫中观察到运动缺陷和骨骼异常。本研究提供了全面的证据，表明罗丹明 B 在成年斑马鱼中的生殖毒性及其对 F1 代的跨代效应。
