Ampel L L, Marshall S, Caprini J A
Heart Lung. 1985 Nov;14(6):556-61.
A successful outcome for the patient who hemorrhages after surgery is based on the recognition of bleeding, the specific diagnosis of bleeding sites and disorders, and the management of bleeding by control measures and replacement of blood lost (Table III). The best preventative measures include careful preoperative assessment of historical and physical findings along with appropriate laboratory tests.
手术后出血患者的成功预后取决于对出血的识别、出血部位和病症的明确诊断，以及通过控制措施和补充失血来处理出血情况（表III）。最佳预防措施包括术前仔细评估病史和体格检查结果以及进行适当的实验室检查。
