Liu Yan-Jiao, Liu Qing, He He-Liang, Zhao Wen-Qiang, Kou Yong-Ping
Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences/CAS Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization/Ecological Restoration and Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610041, China.
College of Resources and Environment, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao. 2023 Dec;34(12):3279-3290. doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202312.031.
The structural and functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic community are important for maintaining ecosystem functions. In this study, we examined the diversity and compositions, the key drivers, as well as functional characteristics of prokaryotic communities in the rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere soils of with different stand ages using high-throughput sequencing technique and bioinformatics methods. The results showed that -diversity of soil prokaryotic communities in both rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere showed significant differences among different stand ages, but no significant difference between rhizosphere and non-rhizosphere in the same stand age. In terms of community composition at the phylum level, the relative abundances of Proteobacteria and Rokubacteria showed an increasing trend with the increases of stand age, while the relative abundance of Actinobacteria showed a decreasing trend, but no significant difference was observed between 75 year-old planted forests (PF75) and natural forests (NF). The relative abundances of Firmicutes and Thaumarchaeota in the soil of the 25 year-old planted forests (PF25) were significantly higher than in other planted forests and NF. At the genus level, the relative abundances of 41, and showed an increasing trend with the increases of stand age, and 41 and in rhizosphere soil of PF75 were significantly higher than those in NF Soil properties and vegetation characteristics jointly influenced the structure of soil prokaryotic communities, with herb layer coverage, soil pH, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen as major drivers. The functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic communities were significantly different among different stand ages. The relative abundances of functions involved in carbon and nitrogen cycle, ., cellulolysis and nitrification, decreased with the increases of stand age, whereas that of sulfate respiration involved in the sulfur cycle increased. We proposed that the structure and functional characteristics of soil prokaryotic communities could serve as important indicators of the development stages of forests. In the later stages of plantation forest development, soil nutrient availability could be improved by mediating phosphorus-dissolving and nitrogen-enhancing microorganisms to maintain the stability of the plantation ecosystem.
土壤原核生物群落的结构和功能特征对于维持生态系统功能至关重要。在本研究中，我们使用高通量测序技术和生物信息学方法，研究了不同林龄人工林根际和非根际土壤中原核生物群落的多样性、组成、关键驱动因素以及功能特征。结果表明，根际和非根际土壤原核生物群落的α多样性在不同林龄间存在显著差异，但在相同林龄的根际和非根际之间无显著差异。在门水平的群落组成方面，变形菌门和芽单胞菌门的相对丰度随林龄增加呈上升趋势，而放线菌门的相对丰度呈下降趋势，但75年生人工林（PF75）与天然林（NF）之间无显著差异。25年生人工林（PF25）土壤中厚壁菌门和奇古菌门的相对丰度显著高于其他人工林和天然林。在属水平上，41个属的相对丰度随林龄增加呈上升趋势，PF75根际土壤中的41个属和[此处原文缺失部分内容]显著高于天然林。土壤性质和植被特征共同影响土壤原核生物群落结构，其中草本层盖度、土壤pH值、总磷和总氮为主要驱动因素。不同林龄土壤原核生物群落的功能特征存在显著差异。参与碳氮循环（如纤维素分解和硝化作用）的功能相对丰度随林龄增加而降低，而参与硫循环的硫酸盐呼吸功能相对丰度增加。我们认为，土壤原核生物群落的结构和功能特征可作为人工林发育阶段的重要指标。在人工林发育后期，可通过调节解磷和固氮微生物来提高土壤养分有效性，以维持人工林生态系统的稳定性。
