Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey.
Pol J Vet Sci. 2024 Mar 20;27(1):95-105. doi: 10.24425/pjvs.2024.149339.
Arsenic is an important metalloid that can cause poisoning in humans and domestic animals. Exposure to arsenic causes cell damage, increasing the production of reactive oxygen species. Chitosan is a biopolymer obtained by deacetylation of chitin with antioxidant and metal ion chelating properties. In this study, the protective effect of chitosan on arsenic-induced nephrotoxicity and oxidative damage was investigated. 32 male Wistar-albino rats were divided into 4 groups of 8 rats each as control group (C), chitosan group (CS group), arsenic group (AS group), and arsenic+chitosan group (AS+CS group). The C group was given distilled water by oral gavage, the AS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water, the CS group was given 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage, the AS+CS group was given 100 ppm/day Na-arsenite ad libitum with drinking water and 200 mg/kg/day chitosan dissolved in saline by oral gavage for 30 days. At the end of the 30-day experimental period, 90 mg/kg ketamine was administered intraperitoneally to all rats, and blood samples and kidney tissues were collected. Urea, uric acid, creatinine, P, Mg, K, Ca, Na, Cystatin C (CYS-C), Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin (NGAL) and Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (KIM-1) levels were measured in serum samples. Malondialdehyde (MDA), Glutathione (GSH), Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) levels in the supernatant obtained from kidney tissue were analyzed by ELISA method. Compared with AS group, uric acid and creatinine levels of the AS+CS group were significantly decreased (p<0.001), urea, KIM-1, CYS-C, NGAL, and MDA levels were numerically decreased and CAT, GSH, and SOD levels were numerically increased (p>0.05). In conclusion, based on both biochemical and histopathological-immunohistochemical- immunofluorescence findings, it can be concluded that chitosan attenuates kidney injury and protects the kidney.
砷是一种重要的类金属，可导致人类和家畜中毒。暴露于砷会导致细胞损伤，增加活性氧的产生。壳聚糖是一种通过壳聚糖的脱乙酰化得到的生物聚合物，具有抗氧化和金属离子螯合特性。本研究旨在探讨壳聚糖对砷诱导的肾毒性和氧化损伤的保护作用。32 只雄性 Wistar 白化大鼠随机分为 4 组，每组 8 只，分别为对照组（C 组）、壳聚糖组（CS 组）、砷组（AS 组）和砷+壳聚糖组（AS+CS 组）。C 组给予蒸馏水灌胃，AS 组给予含 100ppm 每天的 Na-亚砷酸盐自由饮水，CS 组给予 200mg/kg 每天的壳聚糖溶解于生理盐水灌胃，AS+CS 组给予含 100ppm 每天的 Na-亚砷酸盐自由饮水和 200mg/kg 每天的壳聚糖溶解于生理盐水灌胃 30 天。在 30 天实验期末，所有大鼠均给予 90mg/kg 氯胺酮腹腔注射，采集血样和肾脏组织。测量血清样本中尿素、尿酸、肌酐、P、Mg、K、Ca、Na、胱抑素 C（CYS-C）、中性粒细胞明胶酶相关脂质运载蛋白（NGAL）和肾损伤分子 1（KIM-1）的水平。通过 ELISA 法分析肾组织上清液中丙二醛（MDA）、谷胱甘肽（GSH）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）和超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的水平。与 AS 组相比，AS+CS 组的尿酸和肌酐水平显著降低（p<0.001），尿素、KIM-1、CYS-C、NGAL 和 MDA 水平呈数值降低趋势，CAT、GSH 和 SOD 水平呈数值升高趋势（p>0.05）。综上所述，基于生化和组织病理学-免疫组织化学-免疫荧光检查结果，可以得出结论，壳聚糖可减轻肾脏损伤并保护肾脏。
