CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia 6009, Australia.
CSIRO Health & Biosecurity, Floreat, Western Australia 6014, Australia; Harry Butler Institute, Murdoch University, Murdoch, Western Australia 6150, Australia.
Sci Total Environ. 2024 May 20;926:171810. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.171810. Epub 2024 Mar 19.
Analysis of environmental DNA (eDNA) enables indirect detection of species without the need to directly observe and sample them. For biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA-based methods are useful to address biological invasions at all phases, from detecting arrivals to confirming eradication of past invasions. We conducted a systematic review of the literature and found that in biosecurity and invasion biology, eDNA has primarily been used to detect new incursions and monitor spread in marine and freshwater ecosystems, with much slower uptake in terrestrial ecosystems, reflecting a broader trend common to the usage of eDNA tools. In terrestrial ecosystems, eDNA research has mostly focussed on the use of eDNA metabarcoding to characterise biodiversity, rather than targeting biosecurity threats or non-native populations. We discuss how eDNA-based methods are being applied to terrestrial ecosystems for biosecurity and managing non-native populations at each phase of the invasion continuum: transport, introduction, establishment, and spread; across different management options: containment, control, and eradication; and for detecting the impact of non-native organisms. Finally, we address some of the current technical issues and caveats of eDNA-based methods, particularly for terrestrial ecosystems, and how these might be solved. As eDNA-based methods improve, they will play an increasingly important role in the early detection and adaptive management of biological invasions, and the implementation of effective biosecurity controls.
环境 DNA（eDNA）分析可在无需直接观察和采样的情况下，间接检测物种。对于生物安保和入侵生物学而言，基于 eDNA 的方法可在从探测到达到确认过去入侵的根除的各个阶段，用于解决生物入侵问题。我们对文献进行了系统综述，发现 eDNA 在生物安保和入侵生物学中主要用于探测新的入侵，并监测海洋和淡水生态系统中的扩散情况，而在陆地生态系统中的应用速度要慢得多，这反映了 eDNA 工具使用中的一个更广泛的趋势。在陆地生态系统中，eDNA 研究主要集中在使用 eDNA metabarcoding 来描述生物多样性，而不是针对生物安保威胁或非本地种群。我们讨论了基于 eDNA 的方法如何在入侵连续体的各个阶段（运输、引入、建立和扩散）中应用于陆地生态系统，以实现生物安保和管理非本地种群：通过不同的管理选项：遏制、控制和根除；以及用于检测非本地生物的影响。最后，我们解决了一些当前基于 eDNA 的方法的技术问题和注意事项，特别是对于陆地生态系统，以及如何解决这些问题。随着基于 eDNA 的方法的改进，它们将在生物入侵的早期检测和适应性管理以及有效生物安保控制的实施中发挥越来越重要的作用。
