Wang Zhiheng, Li Wenchao, Wang Yuejuan, Wang Xuefei, Ma Tingting, Liu Yanlin, Wei Yuqing
College of Biological Science & Engineering, North Minzu University, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
Administrative Committee of Wine Industry Zone of Ningxia Helan Mountains' East Foothill, Yinchuan, Ningxia, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2024 Mar 7;15:1362149. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1362149. eCollection 2024.
The improvement of nutrients in soil is essential for using deserts and decertified ecosystems and promoting sustainable agriculture. Grapevines are suitable crops for desert soils as they can adapt to harsh environments and effectively impact soil nutrients; however, the mechanisms underlying this remain unclear. This study explored the impact of the different duration(3, 6, and 10 years) of grape cultivation on soil organic carbon, physicochemical properties, enzyme activities, microbial communities, and carbon cycle pathways in both rhizosphere and bulk soils. Partial least squares path modeling was used to further reveal how these factors contributed to soil nutrient improvement. Our findings indicate that after long-term grape cultivation six years, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen, and enzyme activities has significantly increased in both rhizosphere and bulk soils but microbial diversity decreased in bulk soil. According to the microbial community assembly analysis, we found that stochastic processes, particularly homogenizing dispersal, were dominant in both soils. Bacteria are more sensitive to environmental changes than fungi. In the bulk soil, long-term grape cultivation leads to a reduction in ecological niches and an increase in salinity, resulting in a decrease in soil microbial diversity. Soil enzymes play an important role in increasing soil organic matter in bulk soil by decomposing plant litters, while fungi play an important role in increasing soil organic matter in the rhizosphere, possibly by decomposing fine roots and producing mycelia. Our findings enhance understanding of the mechanisms of soil organic carbon improvement under long-term grape cultivation and suggest that grapes are suitable crops for restoring desert ecosystems.
土壤养分的改善对于利用沙漠和退化生态系统以及促进可持续农业至关重要。葡萄是适合沙漠土壤的作物，因为它们能够适应恶劣环境并有效影响土壤养分；然而，其背后的机制仍不清楚。本研究探讨了不同种植年限（3年、6年和10年）的葡萄栽培对根际土壤和非根际土壤中有机碳、理化性质、酶活性、微生物群落及碳循环途径的影响。采用偏最小二乘法路径模型进一步揭示这些因素如何促进土壤养分改善。我们的研究结果表明，长期（6年）葡萄栽培后，根际土壤和非根际土壤中的有机碳、全氮、全磷、微生物生物量碳和氮以及酶活性均显著增加，但非根际土壤中的微生物多样性降低。根据微生物群落组装分析，我们发现随机过程，特别是均匀化扩散，在两种土壤中均占主导地位。细菌比真菌对环境变化更敏感。在非根际土壤中，长期葡萄栽培导致生态位减少和盐分增加，从而使土壤微生物多样性降低。土壤酶通过分解植物凋落物在增加非根际土壤有机质方面发挥重要作用，而真菌可能通过分解细根和产生菌丝体在增加根际土壤有机质方面发挥重要作用。我们的研究结果增进了对长期葡萄栽培下土壤有机碳改善机制的理解，并表明葡萄是恢复沙漠生态系统的适宜作物。
