新西兰鸟类疟疾媒介的新见解。

New insight into avian malaria vectors in New Zealand.

机构信息

School of Natural Sciences (SNS), Ecology, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.

Laboklin-Labor Für Klinische Diagnostik GMBH& Co. KG, Abteilung Molekularbiologie, Bad Kissingen, Germany.

出版信息

Parasit Vectors. 2024 Mar 22;17(1):150. doi: 10.1186/s13071-024-06196-7.

DOI:10.1186/s13071-024-06196-7

PMID:38519966

原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10958882/

Abstract

BACKGROUND

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) are vectors for most malaria parasites of the Plasmodium species and are required for Plasmodium spp. to complete their life cycle. Despite having 16 species of mosquitoes and the detection of many Plasmodium species in birds, little is known about the role of different mosquito species in the avian malaria life cycle in New Zealand.

METHODS

In this study, we used nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and real-time PCR to determine Plasmodium spp. prevalence and diversity of mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequences in wild-caught mosquitoes sampled across ten sites on the North Island of New Zealand during 2012-2014. The mosquitoes were pooled by species and location collected, and the thorax and abdomens were examined separately for Plasmodium spp. DNA. Akaike information criterion (AIC) modeling was used to test whether location, year of sampling, and mosquito species were significant predictors of minimum infection rates (MIR).

RESULTS

We collected 788 unengorged mosquitoes of six species, both native and introduced. The most frequently caught mosquito species were the introduced Aedes notoscriptus and the native Culex pervigilans. Plasmodium sp DNA was detected in 37% of matched thorax and abdomen pools. When considered separately, 33% of abdomen and 23% of thorax pools tested positive by nested PCR. The MIR of the positive thorax pools from introduced mosquito species was 1.79% for Ae. notoscriptus and 0% for Cx. quinquefasciatus, while the MIR for the positive thorax pools of native mosquito species was 4.9% for Cx. pervigilans and 0% for Opifex fuscus. For the overall MIR, site and mosquito species were significant predictors of Plasmodium overall MIR. Aedes notoscriptus and Cx. pervigilans were positive for malaria DNA in the thorax samples, indicating that they may play a role as avian malaria vectors. Four different Plasmodium lineages (SYAT05, LINN1, GRW6, and a new lineage of P (Haemamoeba) sp. AENOT11) were identified in the pooled samples.

CONCLUSIONS

This is the first detection of avian Plasmodium DNA extracted from thoraxes of native Culex and introduced Aedes mosquito species in New Zealand and therefore the first study providing an indication of potential vectors in this country.

摘要

背景

蚊子（蚊科）是大多数疟原虫属寄生虫的媒介，并且疟原虫属完成其生命周期需要蚊子。尽管新西兰有 16 种蚊子，并且在鸟类中检测到许多疟原虫属，但对于不同蚊子种类在新西兰鸟类疟疾生命周期中的作用知之甚少。

方法

在这项研究中，我们使用巢式聚合酶链反应（PCR）和实时 PCR 来确定 2012-2014 年在新西兰北岛十个地点采集的野生捕获蚊子中疟原虫属的流行率和线粒体细胞色素 b 基因序列的多样性。蚊子按物种和采集地点进行分组，分别检查胸部和腹部的疟原虫属 DNA。Akaike 信息准则（AIC）模型用于测试地点、采样年份和蚊子物种是否是最小感染率（MIR）的显著预测因子。

结果

我们收集了 788 只未饱食的 6 种蚊子，包括本地和引入的蚊子。最常捕获的蚊子物种是引入的白纹伊蚊和本地的库蚊。在匹配的胸部和腹部样本中，有 37%检测到疟原虫属 DNA。当分别考虑时，33%的腹部和 23%的胸部样本经巢式 PCR 检测呈阳性。来自引入蚊子物种的阳性胸部样本的 MIR 为白纹伊蚊的 1.79%，库蚊的 0%，而来自本地蚊子物种的阳性胸部样本的 MIR 为库蚊的 4.9%，黄头库蚊的 0%。对于整体 MIR，地点和蚊子物种是疟原虫整体 MIR 的显著预测因子。白纹伊蚊和库蚊的胸部样本中检测到疟原虫属 DNA，表明它们可能是鸟类疟疾的传播媒介。在混合样本中鉴定出了 4 种不同的疟原虫谱系（SYAT05、LINN1、GRW6 和一种新的 Haemamoeba 属 P 谱系 AENOT11）。