Health and Biomedical Innovation, Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
Discipline of Anatomy and Pathology, Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia.
J Neurosci Res. 2024 Mar;102(3):e25322. doi: 10.1002/jnr.25322.
Emerging evidence has implicated the orexin system in non-motor pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease. It has also been suggested the orexin system is involved in the modulation of motor control, further implicating the orexin system in Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurodegenerative disease with millions of people suffering worldwide with motor and non-motor symptoms, significantly affecting their quality of life. Treatments are based solely on symptomatic management and no cure currently exists. The orexin system has the potential to be a treatment target in Parkinson's disease, particularly in the non-motor stage. In this review, the most current evidence on the orexin system in Parkinson's disease and its potential role in motor and non-motor symptoms of the disease is summarized. This review begins with a brief overview of Parkinson's disease, animal models of the disease, and the orexin system. This leads into discussion of the possible roles of orexin neurons in Parkinson's disease and levels of orexin in the cerebral spinal fluid and plasma in Parkinson's disease and animal models of the disease. The role of orexin is then discussed in relation to symptoms of the disease including motor control, sleep, cognitive impairment, psychological behaviors, and the gastrointestinal system. The neuroprotective effects of orexin are also summarized in preclinical models of the disease.
越来越多的证据表明，食欲素系统与帕金森病的非运动发病机制有关。此外，食欲素系统还参与运动控制的调节，这进一步表明食欲素系统与帕金森病有关。帕金森病是第二常见的神经退行性疾病，全世界有数百万患者患有运动和非运动症状，严重影响了他们的生活质量。目前的治疗方法仅基于对症治疗，尚无治愈方法。食欲素系统有可能成为帕金森病的治疗靶点，特别是在非运动阶段。在这篇综述中，总结了关于帕金森病中食欲素系统的最新证据及其在运动和非运动症状中的潜在作用。这篇综述首先简要概述了帕金森病、疾病的动物模型和食欲素系统。接着讨论了食欲素神经元在帕金森病中的可能作用，以及帕金森病患者和动物模型的脑脊液和血浆中的食欲素水平。然后讨论了食欲素在运动控制、睡眠、认知障碍、心理行为和胃肠道系统等疾病症状中的作用。最后还总结了食欲素在疾病的临床前模型中的神经保护作用。
