Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional de San Agustin de Arequipa, Arequipa, Arequipa, 04001, Peru.
Escuela Profesional de Medicina Humana, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco, Cusco, 0800, Peru.
F1000Res. 2023 Oct 2;11:566. doi: 10.12688/f1000research.108837.2. eCollection 2022.
The objective of this study was to estimate the prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents, and identify the factors associated with this problem.
A population-based analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using pooled data from the Demographic and Family Health Surveys of Peru, 2015-2019. A total sample of 8850 adolescent girls aged 12 to 19 years who reported a history of sexual intercourse were included. To identify factors related to adolescent pregnancy, the study employed adjusted prevalence ratios (aPR) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). The aPR were obtained from a multivariable logistic regression model.
The prevalence of adolescent pregnancy among sexually active adolescents in Peru was 30.9% (95%CI: 29.4-32.4%). In the multivariable analysis; being 17-19 years (aPR: 1.48; 95%CI:1.33-1.64), being married or cohabitant (aPR: 4.01; 95%CI: 3.48-4.61) and belonging to the Quechua ethnicity group (aPR: 1.16; 95%CI: 1.07-1.25), were associated with a higher prevalence. Conversely, the following factors were associated with a lower prevalence of pregnancy: being employed (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.76-0.86), being currently studying (aPR: 0.43; 95%CI: 0.38-0.49), belonging to the second (aPR: 0.91; 95%CI: 0.85-0.97), third (aPR: 0.81; 95%CI: 0.74-0.89), fourth (aPR: 0.79; 95%CI: 0.69-0.91) and fifth (aPR: 0.59; 95%CI: 0.47-0.75) wealth quintile, initiating sexual relations in middle adolescente (aPR: 0.76; 95%CI: 0.69-0.83) or late adolescence (aPR: 0.40; 95%CI: 0.35-0.46), perceiving a future pregnancy as a problem (aPR: 0.77; 95%CI: 0.72-0.83) and having knowledge of the moment in the cycle when pregnancy can occur (aPR: 0.84; 95%CI: 0.77-0.92).
Approximately three out of ten adolescents who initiated a sexual life had at least one pregnancy. Age, marital status, employment, education, wealth, ethnicity, age at first intercourse, knowledge of when in the cycle she may become pregnant, and perception of future pregnancy were associated with adolescent pregnancy. To decrease the prevalence of teenage pregnancy in Peru, it is imperative to enhance national policies concerning family planning and provide comprehensive sex education targeted at adolescents.
本研究旨在估计秘鲁有性行为的青少年中少女妊娠的流行率，并确定与该问题相关的因素。
本研究采用秘鲁 2015-2019 年人口与家庭健康调查的数据进行了基于人群的分析性横断面研究。共纳入了 8850 名报告有过性行为的 12 至 19 岁的少女。为了确定与少女妊娠相关的因素，研究采用了调整后的患病率比（aPR）及其 95%置信区间（95%CI）。aPR 是通过多变量逻辑回归模型获得的。
秘鲁有性行为的青少年中少女妊娠的流行率为 30.9%（95%CI：29.4-32.4%）。在多变量分析中，17-19 岁（aPR：1.48；95%CI：1.33-1.64）、已婚或同居（aPR：4.01；95%CI：3.48-4.61）和属于克丘亚族（aPR：1.16；95%CI：1.07-1.25）与较高的妊娠率相关。相反，以下因素与妊娠率较低相关：就业（aPR：0.81；95%CI：0.76-0.86）、正在学习（aPR：0.43；95%CI：0.38-0.49）、属于第二（aPR：0.91；95%CI：0.85-0.97）、第三（aPR：0.81；95%CI：0.74-0.89）、第四（aPR：0.79；95%CI：0.69-0.91）和第五（aPR：0.59；95%CI：0.47-0.75）财富五分位数、在青少年中期（aPR：0.76；95%CI：0.69-0.83）或青少年晚期（aPR：0.40；95%CI：0.35-0.46）开始性行为、认为未来怀孕是一个问题（aPR：0.77；95%CI：0.72-0.83）和了解怀孕可能发生在周期的哪个时间（aPR：0.84；95%CI：0.77-0.92）。
大约十分之三的开始性生活的青少年至少有一次怀孕。年龄、婚姻状况、就业、教育、财富、种族、初次性交年龄、对可能怀孕的周期的了解以及对未来怀孕的看法与少女妊娠有关。为了降低秘鲁少女怀孕的流行率，必须加强有关计划生育的国家政策，并为青少年提供全面的性教育。
