Mezgebe Hailemariam, Gebrecherkos Teklay, Hagos Dawit Gebreegziabiher, Muthupandian Saravanan
Department of Medical Microbiology, College of Health Sciences, Aksum University, Aksum, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, College of Health Sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Tigray, Ethiopia.
Infect Drug Resist. 2024 Mar 20;17:1135-1145. doi: 10.2147/IDR.S453306. eCollection 2024.
To ascertain the prevalence of (M.tb) among refugees suspected of tuberculosis (TB) and related risk factors, including smear-positive and Rifampicin-resistant M.tb.
A cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2020 and May 2020 among 384 refugees in four refugee camps in Northwest Tigray, Ethiopia. Socio-demographic and clinical data were collected from refugees with a history of cough for more than two weeks prospectively. Spot-spot sputum samples were collected and transported in an ice box to the Shire Suhul Hospital Microbiology laboratory; and then examined using a Fluorescent Microscope. All smear-positive samples were further processed by GeneXpert to detect Rifampicin-resistant MTB. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 21 and a p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
The overall prevalence of smear-positive PTB infection was 5.5% (21/384), but No TB case was resistant to Rifampicin detected by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay. About 70% of the smear-positive pulmonary TB identified were females. Five (23.8%) of the smear-positive pulmonary tuberculosis cases were co-infected by HIV. Sharing of drink and food materials (AOR = 4.36, 95% CI = 1.19-15.89), active TB contact (AOR 7.24, 95% CI = 1.62-32.125), BMI (AOR = 5.23, 95% CI = 1.28-21.29), opening window practice (AOR = 4.32, 95% CI = 1.02-18.30) and HIV status (AOR = 9.36, 95% CI = 1.64-53.35) were statistically significant predisposing factors.
The prevalence of smear-positive pulmonary TB among northwest Tigray refugee camps was still high. The prevalence of TB/HIV co-infection was also high. Minimizing close contact with active TB cases, reducing malnutrition, rapid TB/HIV screening, and establishing a ventilation system can reduce the transmission of TB among refugees.
确定疑似结核病（TB）的难民中结核分枝杆菌（M.tb）的流行情况以及相关危险因素，包括涂片阳性和耐利福平的M.tb。
2020年1月至2020年5月期间，在埃塞俄比亚提格雷西北部四个难民营的384名难民中进行了一项横断面研究。前瞻性地收集有咳嗽病史超过两周的难民的社会人口学和临床数据。采集即时痰标本并置于冰盒中运至希雷苏胡尔医院微生物实验室；然后使用荧光显微镜进行检查。所有涂片阳性样本均进一步通过GeneXpert检测耐利福平的结核分枝杆菌。使用SPSS 21版软件进行数据分析，p值<0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
涂片阳性肺结核感染的总体患病率为5.5%（21/384），但通过GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测未发现耐利福平的结核病病例。所确定的涂片阳性肺结核病例中约70%为女性。5例（23.8%）涂片阳性肺结核病例合并感染了HIV。共用饮食材料（比值比[AOR]=4.36，95%置信区间[CI]=1.19 - 15.89）、与活动性结核病患者接触（AOR 7.24，95% CI = 1.62 - 32.125）、体重指数（AOR = 5.23，95% CI = 1.28 - 21.29）、开窗通风习惯（AOR = 4.32，95% CI = 1.02 - 18.30）和HIV感染状况（AOR = 9.36，95% CI = 1.64 - 53.35）是具有统计学意义的易感因素。
提格雷西北部难民营中涂片阳性肺结核的患病率仍然很高。结核病/HIV合并感染的患病率也很高。尽量减少与活动性结核病病例的密切接触；减轻营养不良状况；快速进行结核病/HIV筛查；以及建立通风系统可以减少难民中结核病的传播。
