Department of Psychology, Family, and Justice Studies, University of Saint Joseph, 1678 Asylum Ave, West Hartford, CT 06117, USA.
Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, Nova Southeastern University, 3300 S. University Drive, Fort Lauderdale, FL 33328, USA.
Brain Res. 2024 Jun 15;1833:148884. doi: 10.1016/j.brainres.2024.148884. Epub 2024 Mar 23.
Cerebral small vessel disease (cSVD) is a common neurological finding characterized by abnormalities of the small blood vessels in the brain. Previous research has established a strong connection between cSVD and stroke, as well as neurodegenerative disorders, notably Alzheimer's disease (AD) and other dementias. As the search for effective interventions continues, physical activity (PA) has emerged as a potential preventative and therapeutic avenue. This review synthesizes the human and animal literature on the influence of PA on cSVD, highlighting the importance of determining optimal exercise protocols, considering aspects such as intensity, duration, timing, and exercise type. Furthermore, the necessity of widening the age bracket in research samples is discussed, ensuring a holistic understanding of the interventions across varying pathological stages of the disease. The review also suggests the potential of exploring diverse biomarkers and risk profiles associated with clinically significant outcomes. Moreover, we review findings demonstrating the beneficial effects of PA in various rodent models of cSVD, which have uncovered numerous mechanisms of neuroprotection, including increases in neuroplasticity and integrity of the vasculature and white matter; decreases in inflammation, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dysfunction; and alterations in amyloid processing and neurotransmitter signaling. In conclusion, this review highlights the potential of physical activity as a preventive strategy for addressing cSVD, offering insights into the need for refining exercise parameters, diversifying research populations, and exploring novel biomarkers, while shedding light on the intricate mechanisms through which exercise confers neuroprotection in both humans and animal models.
脑小血管病（cSVD）是一种常见的神经学表现，其特征为脑内小血管的异常。先前的研究已经确立了 cSVD 与中风以及神经退行性疾病，特别是阿尔茨海默病（AD）和其他痴呆症之间的紧密联系。随着对有效干预措施的持续探索，身体活动（PA）已成为一种潜在的预防和治疗途径。本综述综合了关于 PA 对 cSVD 影响的人体和动物文献，强调了确定最佳运动方案的重要性，需要考虑强度、持续时间、时间安排和运动类型等方面。此外，还讨论了需要扩大研究样本的年龄范围，以确保在疾病的不同病理阶段全面了解干预措施。该综述还提出了探索与临床显著结果相关的不同生物标志物和风险特征的潜力。此外，我们还回顾了在各种 cSVD 啮齿动物模型中 PA 具有有益效果的研究结果，这些结果揭示了许多神经保护机制，包括增加神经可塑性和血管及白质的完整性；减少炎症、氧化应激和线粒体功能障碍；以及改变淀粉样蛋白处理和神经递质信号。总之，本综述强调了身体活动作为预防 cSVD 的策略的潜力，为细化运动参数、多样化研究人群和探索新的生物标志物提供了见解，并阐明了运动在人类和动物模型中发挥神经保护作用的复杂机制。
