户外工作者的防晒措施——行为与知识标准化问卷的制定与验证。

Sun protection in outdoor workers - Development and validation of standardized questionnaires for behavior and knowledge.

机构信息

Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.

Institute for Health Research and Education, Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany.

出版信息

J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2024 May;22(5):665-673. doi: 10.1111/ddg.15378. Epub 2024 Mar 25.

DOI:10.1111/ddg.15378

PMID:38528320

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES

Outdoor workers are at increased risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancer. We aimed to address the lack of validated German-language measurement instruments for outdoor workers' sun safety behavior and knowledge by compiling and validating two questionnaires.

PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS

By expert consensus, items for the assessment of protective behavior (OccuSun) were compiled based on existing instruments. For knowledge, a translation of the Skin Cancer and Sun Knowledge (SCSK) scale was selected. After a pre-test, a validation study including 68 outdoor workers (62% female) was conducted in 2020.

RESULTS

The retest reliability was r = 0.93 (95% confidence interval: 0.86-0.96) for the protection score and r = 0.78 (0.67-0.86) for the knowledge score. Protective behaviors were correlated with respective diary data (0.38 ≤ r ≤ 0.74, p < 0.001) and skin pigmentation changes (-0.23 ≥ r ≥ -0.42, 0.007 ≤ p ≤ 0.165) but not with self-reported sunburn frequency (0.21 ≥ r ≥ -0.04).

CONCLUSIONS

Among German outdoor workers, two questionnaires for the assessment of sun protection behavior (OccuSun) and knowledge (SCSK) demonstrated good reliability. The OccuSun had generally good validity. Both instruments are fit for subsequent validation to determine their sensitivity to change.

摘要

背景与目的

户外工作者罹患非黑素瘤皮肤癌的风险增加。我们旨在通过编制和验证两个问卷来解决缺乏针对户外工作者防晒行为和知识的验证性德语测量工具的问题。

参与者与方法

通过专家共识，根据现有工具，针对防护行为（OccuSun）的评估项目被编制出来。对于知识，选择了皮肤癌和阳光知识（SCSK）量表的翻译版本。预测试后，于 2020 年进行了一项包括 68 名户外工作者（62%为女性）的验证性研究。

结果

防护行为评分的重测信度为 r = 0.93（95%置信区间：0.86-0.96），知识评分的重测信度为 r = 0.78（0.67-0.86）。防护行为与各自的日记数据（0.38≤r≤0.74，p<0.001）和皮肤色素沉着变化（-0.23≥r≥-0.42，0.007≤p≤0.165）相关，但与自我报告的晒伤频率（0.21≥r≥-0.04）无关。