Department of Neurosurgery, Salmaniya Medical Complex, Government Hospitals, Manama , Kingdom of Bahrain.
Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown). 2024 Sep 1;27(3):337-346. doi: 10.1227/ons.0000000000001134. Epub 2024 Mar 27.
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cranial reconstruction presents a significant challenge in cases involving pathologies with skull invasion, and various techniques have been used, including the intraoperative shaping of titanium mesh and the manual sculpting of bone cement serving as surrogates for the excised bone graft. In the context of prefabricated patient-specific implants (PSIs) for cranioplasty, precise surgical execution of craniotomies is paramount. This ensures optimal congruity between the implant and the defect created during the craniotomy, leading to a successful single-stage procedure encompassing both bone removal and reconstruction. This article presents a meticulous method for achieving such high-fidelity craniotomy and subsequent cranioplasty using PSIs in a single-stage surgery. METHODS: The procedure was implemented for 2 cases of meningiomas with osseous invasion. Through meticulous preoperative planning, the craniotomy template and implant were designed using computer-assisted design and manufactured on a 3-dimensional printer using the patient's computed tomography scans. Intraoperative fabrication of sterile polymethyl methacrylate replicas was achieved through the creation of silicone molds and subsequent injection molding techniques. Predesignated screw holes facilitated neuronavigation-assisted positioning of the template, aligning it accurately with the target site using registration points. Mini-screws firmly secured the template to the skull. Guided by the template, a craniotomy router performed the bone resection. On completion, the implant was affixed into place using plates and screws. RESULTS: This technique demonstrably facilitated a cost-effective, streamlined and precise application of prefabricated PSIs within a single-stage craniotomy-cranioplasty procedure. Subjective patient reports indicated high levels of satisfaction with the outcome. CONCLUSION: The template routed patient-specific implant 1-stage cranioplasty technique refines previous approaches through precise template localization on the skull, enabling an accurate craniotomy to match a prefabricated PSI. This single-stage procedure rivals hand-shaped methods in aesthetics and compares with the outcomes of 2-stage PSI cranioplasties. Additional studies are needed to validate our results.
背景与目的:颅骨重建在涉及颅骨入侵的病变中具有挑战性,已采用多种技术,包括术中钛网塑形和骨水泥手动塑形,作为切除骨移植物的替代物。在预制患者特定植入物(PSI)颅骨成形术中,精确的颅骨切开术至关重要。这可确保植入物与颅骨切开术中创建的缺损之间的最佳一致性,从而成功地进行了单一阶段的手术,同时进行了骨切除和重建。本文介绍了一种精细的方法,可在单一阶段手术中使用 PSI 实现这种高精度的颅骨切开术和随后的颅骨成形术。
方法:该手术在 2 例骨侵袭性脑膜瘤患者中实施。通过细致的术前规划,使用计算机辅助设计设计颅骨切开模板和植入物,并使用患者的计算机断层扫描在 3D 打印机上制造。通过创建硅酮模具并随后使用注模技术来实现无菌聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯复制品的术中制造。预定的螺钉孔便于神经导航辅助模板定位,使用配准点将其与目标部位准确对齐。微型螺钉将模板牢固地固定在颅骨上。在模板的引导下,颅骨切开路由器进行骨切除。完成后,使用板和螺钉将植入物固定到位。
结果:该技术明显有助于在单一阶段颅骨切开术-颅骨成形术过程中经济高效、简化和精确地应用预制 PSI。患者的主观报告表明对结果非常满意。
结论:模板引导的患者特定植入物 1 阶段颅骨成形术技术通过在颅骨上精确定位模板来改进以前的方法,从而实现与预制 PSI 匹配的精确颅骨切开术。该单一阶段手术在美学方面可与手工成形方法相媲美,并且与 2 阶段 PSI 颅骨成形术的结果相当。需要进一步的研究来验证我们的结果。
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