Piletić Aleksandra
University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Rev Int Polit Econ. 2023 Jun 8;31(2):438-462. doi: 10.1080/09692290.2023.2220088. eCollection 2024.
In recent years, a wide range of contributions have sought to conceptualize the emergent effects of platforms on contemporary capitalism(s). One strand of literature has emphasized the novelty of platforms, stressing their disruptive features and proclaiming the rise of a new era - platform/digital capitalism. Another strand has tended to position platforms within the of capitalist transformation, focusing on the continuities and historical recurrences of platform-led transformations. In contrast to both strands of literature, this paper argues that platforms should be understood as reworking existing, neoliberal institutions from within, engendering a process of hybridization. It builds on the French Régulation approach to trace platform-led transformations in the wage relation and social reproduction. It argues that platforms have consolidated their dominance in the post-2008 financial crisis period by, on the one hand, inserting themselves into neoliberal 'innovations' in labor markets, benefitting from a flexibilized, precaritized and casualized workforce and, on the other, by responding to the neoliberal crisis in social reproduction, and the decades-long privatization, marketization and individualization of reproductive tasks. It explores these dynamics in the context of Amsterdam and Berlin, tracing the hybridization of the neoliberal wage-labor nexus in the context of food delivery, cleaning and care platforms.
近年来，众多研究致力于对平台在当代资本主义中所产生的新兴影响进行概念化阐释。一类文献强调平台的新颖性，突出其颠覆性特征，并宣称新时代——平台/数字资本主义的兴起。另一类文献则倾向于将平台置于资本主义转型的框架内，关注平台主导的转型中的连续性和历史重现性。与这两类文献不同，本文认为应将平台理解为从内部重塑现有的新自由主义制度，从而引发一个混合化的过程。本文借鉴法国调节学派的方法，来追溯平台主导的工资关系和社会再生产方面的转型。本文认为，平台在2008年金融危机后巩固了其主导地位，一方面，通过将自身嵌入劳动力市场的新自由主义“创新”中，受益于灵活化、不稳定化和临时化的劳动力；另一方面，通过应对社会再生产中的新自由主义危机，以及生育任务长达数十年的私有化、市场化和个体化。本文在阿姆斯特丹和柏林的背景下探讨这些动态，追溯食品配送、清洁和护理平台背景下新自由主义雇佣劳动关系的混合化。
