Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire, USA.
Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 2024 May;59(9):1033-1048. doi: 10.1111/apt.17947. Epub 2024 Mar 27.
The faecal immunochemical test (FIT) is an inexpensive and convenient modality to screen for colorectal cancer. However, its one-time sensitivity for detecting colorectal cancer and cancer precursors is limited. There is growing interest in using the non-haemoglobin contents of FIT residual buffer to enhance colonic neoplasia detection.
To establish from the literature a framework to catalogue candidate biomarkers within FIT residual buffer for non-invasive colorectal cancer screening.
The search strategy evaluated PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Embase, and Google Scholar for publications through 25 October 2023, with search terms including FIT, buffer, OC-sensor, biomarkers, microbiome, microRNA (miR), colon, rectum, screening, neoplasm, and early detection. Studies employing home-based collection samples using quantitative FIT first processed for haemoglobin were included. One author reviewed all articles; a second author completed a 20% full-text audit to ensure adherence to eligibility criteria.
A broad search yielded 1669 studies and application of eligibility criteria identified 18 relevant studies. Multiple protein, DNA/RNA, and microbiome biomarkers (notably haptoglobin, miR-16, miR-27a-3p, miR-92a, miR-148a-3p, miR-223, miR-421, let-7b-5p, and Tyzzerella 4) were associated with colorectal neoplasia. Furthermore, studies highlighted the short-term stability of biomarkers for clinical use and long-term stability for research purposes.
This scoping review summarises the framework and progress of research on stability of biomarkers in FIT residual buffer and their associations with colorectal neoplasia to guide opportunities for further confirmatory studies to enhance colorectal cancer screening.
粪便免疫化学检测（FIT）是一种廉价且方便的方法，可用于筛查结直肠癌。然而，其一次性检测结直肠癌和癌前病变的敏感性有限。人们越来越感兴趣的是使用 FIT 剩余缓冲液中的非血红蛋白含量来增强结直肠肿瘤的检测。
从文献中建立一个框架，对 FIT 剩余缓冲液中的候选生物标志物进行分类，以用于非侵入性结直肠癌筛查。
该搜索策略评估了 2023 年 10 月 25 日前在 PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、Embase 和 Google Scholar 上发表的出版物，使用的检索词包括 FIT、缓冲液、OC 传感器、生物标志物、微生物组、microRNA (miR)、结肠、直肠、筛查、肿瘤、早期检测。研究采用基于家庭的样本收集，使用定量 FIT 首先对血红蛋白进行处理。一名作者审查了所有文章；第二名作者对 20%的全文进行审核，以确保符合入选标准。
广泛的搜索产生了 1669 项研究，应用入选标准确定了 18 项相关研究。多种蛋白质、DNA/RNA 和微生物组生物标志物（特别是结合珠蛋白、miR-16、miR-27a-3p、miR-92a、miR-148a-3p、miR-223、miR-421、let-7b-5p 和 Tyzzerella 4）与结直肠肿瘤有关。此外，研究还强调了生物标志物在临床应用中的短期稳定性和用于研究目的的长期稳定性。
本范围综述总结了 FIT 剩余缓冲液中生物标志物的稳定性及其与结直肠肿瘤相关性的研究框架和进展，以指导进一步进行确认性研究的机会，从而增强结直肠癌的筛查。
