Avram and Stella Goldstein-Goren Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
Institute of Biochemistry, Food Science and Nutrition, Faculty of Agriculture, Food and Environment, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
Biosensors (Basel). 2024 Feb 27;14(3):126. doi: 10.3390/bios14030126.
An increasing number of countries have started to decriminalize or legalize the consumption of cannabis for recreational and medical purposes. The active ingredients in cannabis, termed cannabinoids, affect multiple functions in the human body, including coordination, motor skills, memory, response time to external stimuli, and even judgment. Cannabinoids are a unique class of terpeno-phenolic compounds, with 120 molecules discovered so far. There are certain situations when people under the influence of cannabis may be a risk to themselves or the public safety. Over the past two decades, there has been a growing research interest in detecting cannabinoids from various biological matrices. There is a need to develop a rapid, accurate, and reliable method of detecting cannabinoids in oral fluid as it can reveal the recent intake in comparison with urine specimens, which only show a history of consumption. Significant improvements are continuously made in the analytical formats of various technologies, mainly concerning improving their sensitivity, miniaturization, and making them more user-friendly. Additionally, sample collection and pretreatment have been extensively studied, and specific devices for collecting oral fluid specimens have been perfected to allow rapid and effective sample collection. This review presents the recent findings regarding the use of oral fluid specimens as the preferred biological matrix for cannabinoid detection in a point-of-care biosensor diagnostic device. A critical review is presented, discussing the findings from a collection of review and research articles, as well as publicly available data from companies that manufacture oral fluid screening devices. Firstly, the various conventional methods used to detect cannabinoids in biological matrices are presented. Secondly, the detection of cannabinoids using point-of-care biosensors is discussed, emphasizing oral fluid specimens. This review presents the current pressing technological challenges and highlights the gaps where new technological solutions can be implemented.
越来越多的国家开始将大麻的娱乐和医疗用途合法化或非刑罪化。大麻中的有效成分，即大麻素，会影响人体的多种功能，包括协调能力、运动技能、记忆力、对外界刺激的反应时间，甚至判断力。大麻素是一类独特的萜酚类化合物，迄今为止已发现 120 种分子。在某些情况下，大麻使用者可能会对自己或公共安全构成风险。在过去的二十年中，人们对从各种生物基质中检测大麻素的研究兴趣日益浓厚。由于与尿液样本相比，它可以揭示近期的摄入情况，而尿液样本仅显示消费史，因此需要开发一种快速、准确、可靠的方法来检测口腔液中的大麻素。各种技术的分析格式都在不断得到改进，主要是提高其灵敏度、微型化程度，并使其更便于用户使用。此外，还广泛研究了样品采集和预处理，并且完善了用于采集口腔液样本的特定设备，以实现快速有效的样本采集。
本综述介绍了使用口腔液作为即时检测生物传感器诊断设备中大麻素检测首选生物基质的最新研究结果。对一系列综述和研究文章的研究结果以及制造口腔液筛选设备的公司公开数据进行了批判性回顾。首先介绍了用于检测生物基质中大麻素的各种常规方法。其次，讨论了即时检测生物传感器检测大麻素的方法，重点是口腔液样本。本综述介绍了当前紧迫的技术挑战，并强调了可以实施新技术解决方案的空白点。
