Ožegić Ognjen, Bedenić Branka, Sternak Sunčanica Ljubin, Sviben Mario, Talapko Jasminka, Pažur Iva, Škrlec Ivana, Segedi Ivan, Meštrović Tomislav
Department of Anaesthesiology, Intensive Medicine and Pain Management, Sestre Milosrdnice University Hospital Center, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Faculty of Kinesiology, University of Zagreb, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
Antibiotics (Basel). 2024 Feb 29;13(3):232. doi: 10.3390/antibiotics13030232.
Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a global threat, leading to increased mortality and necessitating urgent action-however, its impact on athletes and the world of sports has hitherto been neglected. Sports environments (including athletic and aquatic) exhibit high levels of microbial contamination, potentially contributing to the spread of resistant microorganisms during physical activities. Moreover, the literature suggests that travel for sports events may lead to changes in athletes' gut microbiomes and potentially impact their antibiotic resistance profiles, raising questions about the broader implications for individual and public/global health. The prevalence of () among athletes (particularly those engaged in contact or collision sports) ranges between 22.4% and 68.6%, with MRSA strains being isolated in up to 34.9% of tested individuals. Factors such as training frequency, equipment sharing, delayed post-training showers, and a history of certain medical conditions are linked to higher colonization rates. Moreover, MRSA outbreaks have been documented in sports teams previously, highlighting the importance of implementing preventive measures and hygiene protocols in athletic settings. In light of the growing threat of AMR, there is a critical need for evidence-based treatment guidelines tailored to athletes' unique physiological demands to ensure responsible antibiotic use and mitigate potential health risks. While various initiatives-such as incorporating AMR awareness into major sporting events-aim to leverage the broad audience of sports to communicate the importance of addressing AMR, proactive measures (including improved AMR surveillance during large sporting events) will be indispensable for enhancing preparedness and safeguarding both athletes' and the general public's health. This narrative review thoroughly assesses the existing literature on AMR and antibiotic usage in the context of sports, aiming to illuminate areas where information may be lacking and underscoring the significance of promoting global awareness about AMR through sports.
抗菌药物耐药性（AMR）构成了全球性威胁，导致死亡率上升，因此需要采取紧急行动——然而，其对运动员和体育界的影响迄今一直被忽视。体育环境（包括田径和水上运动环境）呈现出高度的微生物污染，这可能在体育活动期间促成耐药微生物的传播。此外，文献表明，参加体育赛事的旅行可能会导致运动员肠道微生物群的变化，并有可能影响他们的抗生素耐药性特征，这引发了关于对个人和公众/全球健康更广泛影响的问题。运动员（尤其是从事接触性或碰撞性运动的运动员）中（）的患病率在22.4%至68.6%之间，高达34.9%的受测个体分离出了耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）菌株。训练频率、共用设备、训练后延迟淋浴以及某些病史等因素与较高的定植率相关。此外，此前运动队中已有MRSA暴发的记录，这凸显了在体育环境中实施预防措施和卫生规范的重要性。鉴于AMR的威胁日益增加，迫切需要根据运动员独特的生理需求制定循证治疗指南，以确保合理使用抗生素并降低潜在的健康风险。虽然各种举措——比如将AMR意识纳入重大体育赛事——旨在利用体育赛事的广泛受众来宣传应对AMR的重要性，但积极措施（包括在大型体育赛事期间加强AMR监测）对于提高防范能力以及保障运动员和公众的健康将不可或缺。这篇叙述性综述全面评估了体育领域中关于AMR和抗生素使用的现有文献，旨在阐明可能存在信息缺失的领域，并强调通过体育活动提高全球对AMR认识的重要性。
