Raabe Johannes, Zakrajsek Rebecca A, Orme John G, Readdy Tucker, Crain Jared A
College of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia.
Department of Kinesiology, Recreation, and Sport Studies, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee.
Mil Psychol. 2020 Sep 4;32(5):398-409. doi: 10.1080/08995605.2020.1781028. eCollection 2020.
Since its inception in 1916 the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) has trained and commissioned more than half a million individuals and, therefore, produced more officers for the United States (US) Army than any other commissioning source (US Army, 2020a). However, there have been high attrition rates among cadets. While the reasons for people's engagement in the military are complex and include a multitude of tangible and intangible factors, motivation has been found to be a vital contributor to individuals' ongoing service in the armed forces. Accordingly, utilizing the framework of self-determination theory, the current research was designed to: (a) examine the validity and reliability of existing instruments in measuring cadets' perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation, (b) assess cadets' perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation, and (c) explore potential differences in cadets' perceived cadre behavior, basic psychological need satisfaction, and motivation based on their class in the program, age, gender, and race. A total of 728 US Army ROTC cadets participated in this survey-based study. Overall, individuals reported relatively high levels of involvement from their cadre, need fulfillment, and self-determined motivation. In contrast, they perceived limited autonomy support from their cadre. In sum, further research appears warranted to gain an in-depth understanding of cadets' motivation.
自1916年成立以来，后备军官训练团（ROTC）已经培训并授衔了超过50万人，因此，为美国陆军培养的军官比任何其他授衔来源都要多（美国陆军，2020a）。然而，学员的流失率一直很高。虽然人们参军的原因很复杂，包括许多有形和无形的因素，但动机已被发现是个人继续在武装部队服役的一个重要因素。因此，利用自我决定理论的框架，本研究旨在：（a）检验现有工具在测量学员对干部行为的感知、基本心理需求满意度和动机方面的有效性和可靠性，（b）评估学员对干部行为的感知、基本心理需求满意度和动机，以及（c）探讨学员对干部行为的感知、基本心理需求满意度和动机在其项目中的年级、年龄、性别和种族方面的潜在差异。共有728名美国陆军后备军官训练团学员参与了这项基于调查的研究。总体而言，学员们报告称，他们从干部那里得到的参与度、需求满足感和自我决定的动机水平相对较高。相比之下，他们认为干部给予的自主支持有限。总之，似乎有必要进行进一步的研究，以深入了解学员的动机。
