Piccirillo Francesco, Mastroberardino Sara, Nafisio Vincenzo, Fiorentino Matteo, Segreti Andrea, Nusca Annunziata, Ussia Gian Paolo, Grigioni Francesco
Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Campus Bio-Medico, Via Alvaro del Portillo 200, 00128 Roma, Italy.
Research Unit of Cardiovascular Sciences, Department of Medicine and Surgery, Università Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Via Alvaro del Portillo 21, 00128 Roma, Italy.
Biomedicines. 2024 Mar 14;12(3):656. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines12030656.
Myocarditis is a polymorphic and potentially life-threatening disease characterized by a large variability in clinical presentation and prognosis. Within the broad spectrum of etiology, eosinophilic myocarditis represents a rare condition characterized by eosinophilic infiltration of the myocardium, usually associated with peripheral eosinophilia. Albeit uncommon, eosinophilic myocarditis could be potentially life-threatening, ranging from mild asymptomatic disease to multifocal widespread infiltrates associated with myocardial necrosis, thrombotic complications, and endomyocardial fibrosis. Moreover, it could progress to dilated cardiomyopathy, resulting in a poor prognosis. The leading causes of eosinophilic myocarditis are hypersensitivity reactions, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, cancer, hyper-eosinophilic syndrome variants, and infections. A thorough evaluation and accurate diagnosis are crucial to identifying the underlying cause and defining the appropriate therapeutic strategy. On these bases, this comprehensive review aims to summarize the current knowledge on eosinophilic myocarditis, providing a schematic and practical approach to diagnosing, evaluating, and treating eosinophilic myocarditis.
心肌炎是一种多形性且可能危及生命的疾病，其临床表现和预后差异很大。在广泛的病因范围内，嗜酸性粒细胞性心肌炎是一种罕见的疾病，其特征是心肌嗜酸性粒细胞浸润，通常伴有外周嗜酸性粒细胞增多。尽管不常见，但嗜酸性粒细胞性心肌炎可能危及生命，范围从轻度无症状疾病到与心肌坏死、血栓形成并发症和心内膜心肌纤维化相关的多灶性广泛浸润。此外，它可能进展为扩张型心肌病，导致预后不良。嗜酸性粒细胞性心肌炎的主要病因是过敏反应、嗜酸性粒细胞肉芽肿性多血管炎、癌症、高嗜酸性粒细胞综合征变体和感染。全面评估和准确诊断对于确定潜在病因和制定适当的治疗策略至关重要。基于这些，本综述旨在总结目前关于嗜酸性粒细胞性心肌炎的知识，提供一种诊断、评估和治疗嗜酸性粒细胞性心肌炎的简明实用方法。
