Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Mar 8;25(6):3117. doi: 10.3390/ijms25063117.
The troponin complex-consisting of three subunits: troponin C (TnC), cardiac troponin I (cTnI) and cardiac troponin T (cTnT)-plays a key role in the regulation of myocardial contraction. Troponins are preferentially localized in the cytoplasm and bind to myofibrils. However, numerous, albeit scattered, studies have shown the presence of troponins in the nuclei of muscle cells. There is increasing evidence that the nuclear localization of troponins may be functionally important, making troponins an important nuclear player in the pathogenesis of various diseases including cancer and myopathies. Further studies in this area could potentially lead to the development of treatments for certain pathologies. In this review, we collected and discussed recent data on the properties of non-canonically localized cardiac troponins, the molecular mechanisms leading to this non-canonical localization, and the possible functions or pathological effects of these non-canonically localized troponins.
肌钙蛋白 C（TnC）、心肌肌钙蛋白 I（cTnI）和心肌肌钙蛋白 T（cTnT），在心肌收缩的调节中起着关键作用。肌钙蛋白优先定位于细胞质中，并与肌原纤维结合。然而，大量尽管分散的研究表明肌钙蛋白存在于肌肉细胞的核内。越来越多的证据表明，肌钙蛋白的核定位可能具有重要的功能意义，使肌钙蛋白成为包括癌症和肌病在内的各种疾病发病机制中的重要核因子。该领域的进一步研究可能为某些病理的治疗方法的开发提供依据。在这篇综述中，我们收集和讨论了最近关于非典型定位的心肌肌钙蛋白的特性、导致这种非典型定位的分子机制以及这些非典型定位的肌钙蛋白的可能功能或病理影响的研究数据。
