Department of Molecular Biomedicine, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN) Av., IPN # 2508 Col., San Pedro Zacatenco, Mexico City 07360, Mexico.
Escuela Superior de Medicina, Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Salvador Díaz Mirón esq, Plan de San Luis S/N, Miguel Hidalgo, Casco de Santo Tomas, Mexico City 11340, Mexico.
Viruses. 2024 Feb 23;16(3):345. doi: 10.3390/v16030345.
Viruses have a wide repertoire of molecular strategies that focus on their replication or the facilitation of different stages of the viral cycle. One of these strategies is mediated by the activity of viroporins, which are multifunctional viral proteins that, upon oligomerization, exhibit ion channel properties with mild ion selectivity. Viroporins facilitate multiple processes, such as the regulation of immune response and inflammasome activation through the induction of pore formation in various cell organelle membranes to facilitate the escape of ions and the alteration of intracellular homeostasis. Viroporins target diverse membranes (such as the cellular membrane), endoplasmic reticulum, and mitochondria. Cumulative data regarding the importance of mitochondria function in multiple processes, such as cellular metabolism, energy production, calcium homeostasis, apoptosis, and mitophagy, have been reported. The direct or indirect interaction of viroporins with mitochondria and how this interaction affects the functioning of mitochondrial cells in the innate immunity of host cells against viruses remains unclear. A better understanding of the viroporin-mitochondria interactions will provide insights into their role in affecting host immune signaling through the mitochondria. Thus, in this review, we mainly focus on descriptions of viroporins and studies that have provided insights into the role of viroporins in hijacked mitochondria.
病毒具有广泛的分子策略，这些策略集中在它们的复制或促进病毒周期的不同阶段。其中一种策略是由病毒孔道蛋白介导的，这些多功能病毒蛋白在寡聚化后表现出具有轻微离子选择性的离子通道特性。病毒孔道蛋白促进多种过程，例如通过在各种细胞器膜中诱导孔形成来调节免疫反应和炎症小体激活，从而促进离子逸出和细胞内稳态的改变。病毒孔道蛋白靶向多种膜（如细胞膜）、内质网和线粒体。已经报道了关于线粒体功能在多种过程中的重要性的累积数据，例如细胞代谢、能量产生、钙稳态、细胞凋亡和线粒体自噬。病毒孔道蛋白与线粒体的直接或间接相互作用，以及这种相互作用如何影响宿主细胞固有免疫中被病毒劫持的线粒体细胞的功能，仍然不清楚。更好地理解病毒孔道蛋白-线粒体相互作用将深入了解它们通过线粒体影响宿主免疫信号的作用。因此，在这篇综述中，我们主要关注病毒孔道蛋白的描述以及提供关于病毒孔道蛋白在劫持的线粒体中作用的研究。
