Xu Mia Ann, Choi Jasmin, Rosenberger Joshua G, Zimmerman Rick S, DiClemente Ralph
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA.
College of Health and Human Development, Penn State University, State College, PA 16801, USA.
Vaccines (Basel). 2024 Mar 18;12(3):323. doi: 10.3390/vaccines12030323.
African American men who have sex with men (MSM) are disproportionately impacted by HIV and may benefit from the development of an HIV vaccine. African American MSM are adversely affected by discrimination as a function of both their race and sexual behaviors. This may further increase the challenges associated with persuading them to adopt an HIV vaccine. Developing a knowledge base characterizing African American MSM HIV vaccine perceptions, attitudes, and concerns may help strengthen how healthcare providers and other health stakeholders describe and discuss the advent of an HIV vaccine. This study assessed the knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and intentions related to HIV vaccination among African American MSM. This study comprised 432 African American MSM, 18-64 years, residing in the United States. Vaccine intention was defined as how likely it is that an individual would adopt an HIV vaccine if a vaccine was available and it was 90% effective against HIV, easy to obtain, free, and had few side effects. Relative to African American MSM who intend to delay receiving an HIV vaccination, controlling for age, education, and income, early vaccine adopters who had received ≥ 2 COVID-19 vaccinations and who had high WHO HIV Vaccine Positive Attitude Scale scores were, respectively, 3.2 times and 2.4 times more likely to report the intention to vaccinate within one year. Early vaccine adopters were also 2.4 times more likely to feel that HIV prevention support discriminates against African American MSM. Those reporting three or more sexual partners and medical mistrust were, respectively, 60% and 59% more likely to report the intention to delay HIV vaccination. The lack of a knowledge base on HIV vaccine perceptions and acceptability is a missed opportunity to provide guidance on how stakeholders, such as health providers and policymakers, should address HIV vaccine hesitancy once this crucial vaccine is licensed. The key factors affecting vaccine adoption are valuable in developing and implementing campaigns to enhance the HIV vaccine coverage in this vulnerable population.
与男性发生性关系的非裔美国男性（MSM）受艾滋病毒的影响尤为严重，可能会从艾滋病毒疫苗的研发中受益。非裔美国男男性行为者因其种族和性行为而受到歧视的不利影响。这可能会进一步增加说服他们接种艾滋病毒疫苗的难度。建立一个了解非裔美国男男性行为者对艾滋病毒疫苗的认知、态度和担忧的知识库，可能有助于加强医疗保健提供者和其他卫生利益相关者描述和讨论艾滋病毒疫苗问世的方式。本研究评估了非裔美国男男性行为者对艾滋病毒疫苗接种的知识、态度、信念和意图。该研究包括432名年龄在18至64岁之间、居住在美国的非裔美国男男性行为者。疫苗接种意愿的定义是，如果有疫苗可用，且该疫苗对艾滋病毒的有效率为90%、易于获取、免费且副作用小，个人接种艾滋病毒疫苗的可能性有多大。相对于打算推迟接种艾滋病毒疫苗的非裔美国男男性行为者，在控制年龄、教育程度和收入的情况下，已接种≥2剂新冠疫苗且世界卫生组织艾滋病毒疫苗积极态度量表得分较高的早期疫苗接种者在一年内接种疫苗的意愿分别高出3.2倍和2.4倍。早期疫苗接种者也有2.4倍的可能性认为艾滋病毒预防支持存在对非裔美国男男性行为者的歧视。报告有三个或更多性伴侣以及对医疗不信任的人，推迟接种艾滋病毒疫苗的意愿分别高出60%和59%。缺乏关于艾滋病毒疫苗认知和可接受性的知识库，是一个错失的机会，无法为卫生提供者和政策制定者等利益相关者在这种关键疫苗获批后应如何应对艾滋病毒疫苗犹豫问题提供指导。影响疫苗接种的关键因素对于制定和实施提高这一弱势群体艾滋病毒疫苗接种覆盖率的宣传活动很有价值。
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