Campilan Beatrice, Schroeder Christian, Sagaityte Emilija, Arditi Jonathan, Leary Owen P, Gokaslan Ziya L, Sullivan Patricia L Zadnik, Martinez-Moreno Margot
Department of Neurosurgery, Rhode Island Hospital, Warren Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, United States.
Front Oncol. 2024 Mar 13;14:1330254. doi: 10.3389/fonc.2024.1330254. eCollection 2024.
Animal models have been commonly used in immunotherapy research to study the cell response to external agents and to assess the effectiveness and safety of new therapies. Over the past few decades, immunocompromised (also called immunodeficient) mice allowed researchers to grow human tumor cells without the impact of the host's immune system. However, while this model is very valuable to understand the tumor biology and to understand the underlying mechanism of immunotherapy, the results may not always directly translate to humans. The tumor microenvironment has significant implications for tumor engraftment, growth, invasion, etc., and the immune system plays a critical role in shaping the tumor microenvironment. Human immunocompetent mice, also named humanized mice, are engineered mice that possess functional human immune cells. This model can be used to effectively study the effect of the human immune system to a human implanted tumor. Moreover, this can effectively mimic the response to treatment. This section is an overview of the current understanding of the different humanized mice that could be utilized to mimic the tumor microenvironment in chordoma.
动物模型在免疫治疗研究中被广泛应用，用于研究细胞对外源物质的反应，并评估新疗法的有效性和安全性。在过去几十年里，免疫受损（也称为免疫缺陷）小鼠使研究人员能够在不受宿主免疫系统影响的情况下培养人类肿瘤细胞。然而，虽然这种模型对于理解肿瘤生物学和免疫治疗的潜在机制非常有价值，但结果可能并不总是能直接应用于人类。肿瘤微环境对肿瘤的植入、生长、侵袭等具有重要影响，而免疫系统在塑造肿瘤微环境方面起着关键作用。具有人类免疫能力的小鼠，也称为人源化小鼠，是经过基因改造的小鼠，拥有功能性的人类免疫细胞。这种模型可用于有效研究人类免疫系统对人类植入肿瘤的影响。此外，这可以有效模拟对治疗的反应。本节概述了目前对不同人源化小鼠的理解，这些小鼠可用于模拟脊索瘤中的肿瘤微环境。
