Zubizarreta Dougie, Beccia Ariel L, Chen Jarvis T, Jahn Jaquelyn L, Austin S Bryn, Agénor Madina
Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
J Racial Ethn Health Disparities. 2025 Jun;12(3):1432-1445. doi: 10.1007/s40615-024-01976-4. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Racialized healthcare inequities in the USA remain glaring, yet root causes are understudied. To address this gap, we created a state-level structural racism legal index (SRLI) using the Structural Racism-Related State Law Database and analyzed its association with racialized inequities in four outcomes (lacking health insurance coverage, lacking a personal doctor, avoiding care due to cost, lacking a routine check-up) from the 2013 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (N = 454,834). To obtain predicted probabilities by SRLI quartiles (Q1 = less structural racism, Q4 = more structural racism) and racialized group, we fit survey-weighted multilevel logistic models adjusted for individual- and state-level covariates. We found substantial healthcare access inequities across racialized groups within SRLI quartiles and less pronounced, but still meaningful, inequities within racialized groups across SRLI quartiles. For example, the predicted probabilities of lacking health insurance coverage across SRLI quartiles ranged from 13 to 20% among Black adults, 31 to 41% among Latine adults, and 8 to 11% among White adults. Across racialized groups in Q4 states, predicted probabilities ranged from 11% among White adults to 41% among Latine adults. Similar patterns were observed for lacking a personal doctor and avoiding care due to cost. Findings underscore the need to address structural racism in laws and policies to mitigate these inequities.
美国种族化的医疗保健不平等现象依然突出,但根本原因却未得到充分研究。为了填补这一空白,我们利用与结构性种族主义相关的州法律数据库创建了一个州级结构性种族主义法律指数(SRLI),并分析了它与2013年行为风险因素监测系统中四个结果(缺乏医疗保险覆盖、没有私人医生、因费用问题而避免就医、缺乏定期体检)中的种族化不平等之间的关联(N = 454,834)。为了按SRLI四分位数(Q1 = 结构性种族主义较少,Q4 = 结构性种族主义较多)和种族化群体获得预测概率,我们拟合了经个体和州级协变量调整的调查加权多级逻辑模型。我们发现,在SRLI四分位数内的种族化群体之间存在大量的医疗保健获取不平等,而在SRLI四分位数之间的种族化群体内部,不平等虽然不那么明显,但仍然有意义。例如,在SRLI四分位数中,黑人成年人缺乏医疗保险覆盖的预测概率在13%至20%之间,拉丁裔成年人在31%至41%之间,白人成年人在8%至11%之间。在Q4州的种族化群体中,预测概率从白人成年人的11%到拉丁裔成年人的41%不等。在没有私人医生和因费用问题而避免就医方面也观察到了类似的模式。研究结果强调,有必要在法律和政策中解决结构性种族主义问题,以减轻这些不平等现象。