Diagnostic significance and cytological features of NUT carcinoma by EBUS-FNA, a case report and literature review.

Cytomorphological features of NUT carcinoma include sheets or discrete nests of primitive, monotonous, round to oval shaped tumour cells with high N/C ratio and brisk mitotic figures. Abrupt squamous differentiation might be a diagnostic hint. More than 50% positivity of NUT immunohistochemistry staining is diagnostic. NUT carcinoma represents a poorly differentiated malignancy by extremely aggressive clinical course and poor prognosis. It frequently manifests in midline organs, notably in the mediastinum and lung. The rising preferences for utilizing the EBUS-FNA procedure in diagnosing thoracic and lung lesions stems from its high diagnostic yield. Hence, recognizing the cytomorphological features of NUT carcinoma is crucial for timely treatment and improved patient survival.