College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China.
College of Horticulture, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, 730070, PR China; School of Agronomy and Horticulture, Jiangsu Vocational College of Agriculture and Forestry, Jurong, 212400, PR China.
Plant Physiol Biochem. 2024 May;210:108543. doi: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2024.108543. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
Gibberellin A (GA) is often used as a principal growth regulator to increase plant size. Here, we applied Tween-20 (2%)-formulated GA (T1:40 mg/L; T2:70 mg/L) by dipping the clusters at the initial expansion phase of 'Red Globe' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) in 2018 and 2019. Tween-20 (2%) was used as a control. The results showed that GA significantly increased fruit cell length, cell size, diameter, and volume. The hormone levels of auxin (IAA) and zeatin (ZT) were significantly increased at 2 h (0 d) -1 d after application (DAA0-1) and remained significantly higher at DAA1 until maturity. Conversely, ABA exhibited an opposite trend. The mRNA and non-coding sequencing results yielded 436 differentially expressed mRNA (DE_mRNAs), 79 DE_lncRNAs and 17 DE_miRNAs. These genes are linked to hormone pathways like cysteine and methionine metabolism (ko00270), glutathione metabolism (ko00480) and plant hormone signal transduction (ko04075). GA application reduced expression of insensitive dwarf 2 (GID2, VIT_07s0129g01000), small auxin-upregulated RNA (SAUR, VIT_08s0007g03120) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate synthase (ACS, VIT_18s0001g08520), but increased SAUR (VIT_04s0023g00560) expression. These four genes were predicted to be negatively regulated by vvi-miR156, vvi-miR172, vvi-miR396, and vvi-miR159, corresponding to specific lncRNAs. Therefore, miRNAs could affect grape size by regulating key genes GID2, ACS and SAUR. The R2R3 MYB family member VvRAX2 (VIT_08s0007g05030) was upregulated in response to GA application. Overexpression of VvRAX2 in tomato transgenic lines increased fruit size in contrast to the wild type. This study provides a basis and genetic resources for elucidating the novel role of ncRNAs in fruit development.
赤霉素 A (GA) 通常被用作主要的生长调节剂，以增加植物的大小。在这里，我们在 2018 年和 2019 年，在“红地球”葡萄（Vitis vinifera L.）的初始扩展阶段，通过浸渍簇应用吐温-20（2%）配方的 GA（T1：40mg/L；T2：70mg/L）。吐温-20（2%）用作对照。结果表明，GA 显著增加了果实细胞的长度、细胞大小、直径和体积。激素水平的生长素（IAA）和玉米素（ZT）在应用后 2 小时（0 天）-1 天（DAA0-1）显著增加，并在成熟前一直保持显著升高。相反，ABA 表现出相反的趋势。mRNA 和非编码测序结果产生了 436 个差异表达的 mRNA（DE_mRNAs）、79 个 DE_lncRNAs 和 17 个 DE_miRNAs。这些基因与激素途径有关，如半胱氨酸和蛋氨酸代谢（ko00270）、谷胱甘肽代谢（ko0480）和植物激素信号转导（ko04075）。GA 的应用降低了不敏感矮生 2（GID2，VIT_07s0129g01000）、小生长素上调 RNA（SAUR，VIT_08s0007g03120）和 1-氨基环丙烷-1-羧酸合酶（ACS，VIT_18s0001g08520）的表达，但增加了 SAUR（VIT_04s0023g00560）的表达。这四个基因被预测受到 vvi-miR156、vvi-miR172、vvi-miR396 和 vvi-miR159 的负调控，对应的特定 lncRNAs。因此，miRNA 可以通过调节关键基因 GID2、ACS 和 SAUR 来影响葡萄的大小。赤霉素 A 应用后，R2R3 MYB 家族成员 VvRAX2（VIT_08s0007g05030）上调。番茄转基因株系中 VvRAX2 的过表达与野生型相比增加了果实大小。本研究为阐明 ncRNA 在果实发育中的新作用提供了基础和遗传资源。
