Vibrotactile enhancement of musical engagement.

Sound is sensed by the ear but can also be felt on the skin, by means of vibrotactile stimulation. Only little research has addressed perceptual implications of vibrotactile stimulation in the realm of music. Here, we studied which perceptual dimensions of music listening are affected by vibrotactile stimulation and whether the spatial segregation of vibrations improves vibrotactile stimulation. Forty-one listeners were presented with vibrotactile stimuli via a chair's surfaces (left and right arm rests, back rest, seat) in addition to music presented over headphones. Vibrations for each surface were derived from individual tracks of the music (multi condition) or conjointly by a mono-rendering, in addition to incongruent and headphones-only conditions. Listeners evaluated unknown music from popular genres according to valence, arousal, groove, the feeling of being part of a live performance, the feeling of being part of the music, and liking. Results indicated that the multi- and mono vibration conditions robustly enhanced the nature of the musical experience compared to listening via headphones alone. Vibrotactile enhancement was strong in the latent dimension of 'musical engagement', encompassing the sense of being a part of the music, arousal, and groove. These findings highlight the potential of vibrotactile cues for creating intensive musical experiences.