Moreno Karina, Rico Diane M, Middlebrooks Michael, Medrano Sabrina, Valdés Ángel A, Krug Patrick J
Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University Pomona, Pomona, CA 91768, USA.
Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Los Angeles, CA 90032-8201, USA.
Zool J Linn Soc. 2023 Oct 12;200(4):940-979. doi: 10.1093/zoolinnean/zlad111. eCollection 2024 Apr.
Integrative studies have revealed cryptic radiations in several Caribbean lineages of heterobranch sea slugs, raising questions about the evolutionary mechanisms that promote speciation within the tropical Western Atlantic. Bergh, 1871 is a genus comprising 12 named species in the family Caliphyllidae that lack the photosynthetic ability of other sacoglossans but are noted for vibrant colours on the large cerata (dorsal leaf-like appendages) that characterize many species. Two species are widely reported from the Caribbean: (Trinchese, 1881) and Engel, 1927. Here, we present an integrative assessment of diversity in Caribbean . Four methods of molecular species delimitation supported seven species in samples from the Caribbean and adjacent subtropical Western Atlantic. Six delimited species formed a monophyletic lineage in phylogenetic analyses but were > 9% divergent at the barcoding locus and could be differentiated using ecological, reproductive and/or morphological traits. We redescribe , a senior synonym for the poorly known Ortea & Templado, 1988, and describe five new species. Evolutionary shifts in algal host use, penial armature and larval life history might have acted synergistically to promote the rapid divergence of endemic species with restricted distributions in this radiation, substantially increasing global diversity of the genus.
综合研究揭示了几种加勒比海异鳃类海蛞蝓谱系中的隐秘辐射现象，这引发了关于促进热带西大西洋地区物种形成的进化机制的问题。Bergh属（1871年）是Caliphyllidae科中的一个属，包含12个已命名物种，它们缺乏其他囊舌类动物的光合能力，但以许多物种所特有的大型鳃（背叶状附属物）上的鲜艳颜色而闻名。加勒比地区广泛报道了两个物种：（Trinchese，1881年）和Engel，1927年。在这里，我们对加勒比地区的Bergh属进行了综合多样性评估。四种分子物种界定方法支持了来自加勒比地区和邻近亚热带西大西洋地区样本中的七个物种。在系统发育分析中，六个界定的物种形成了一个单系谱系，但在条形码基因座上的差异>9%，并且可以通过生态、生殖和/或形态特征进行区分。我们重新描述了Ortea & Templado，1988年所描述的鲜为人知的物种的高级同义词，并描述了五个新物种。藻类宿主利用、阴茎结构和幼虫生活史的进化转变可能协同作用，促进了该辐射中分布受限的特有物种的快速分化，大幅增加了该属的全球多样性。
