Zhang Youqian, Ren Entong, Zhang Chunlong, Wang Yang, Chen Xiaohe, Li Lin
Department of Endocrinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China.
Front Nutr. 2024 Mar 19;11:1288886. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2024.1288886. eCollection 2024.
Previous research has underscored the association between oily fish intake and type 2 diabetes (T2DM), yet the causality remains elusive.
A bidirectional univariable Mendelian Randomization (MR) analysis was employed to evaluate the causal effects of oily fish and non-oily fish intake on T2DM. Replication analysis and meta-analysis were conducted to ensure robust results. Multivariable MR analysis was utilized to assess confounders, and further mediation MR analysis discerned mediating effects. Linkage Disequilibrium Score (LDSC) analysis was undertaken to compute genetic correlations. Inverse variance weighted (IVW) was the primary method, complemented by a series of sensitivity analyses.
The LDSC analysis unveiled a significant genetic correlation between oily fish intake and T2DM (Genetic correlation: -0.102, = 4.43 × 10). For each standard deviation (SD) increase in genetically predicted oily fish intake, the risk of T2DM was reduced by 38.6% (OR = 0.614, 95% CI 0.504 ~ 0.748, = 1.24 × 10, False Discovery Rate (FDR) = 3.72 × 10). The meta-analysis across three data sources highlighted a persistent causal association (OR = 0.728, 95% CI 0.593 ~ 0.895, = 0.003). No other causal effects were identified (all > 0.5, FDR > 0.5). The main outcomes remained consistent in most sensitivity analyses. Both MVMR and mediation MR analyses emphasized the mediating roles of triglycerides (TG), body mass index (BMI), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels.
To encapsulate, there's an inverse association between oily fish intake and T2DM risk, suggesting potential benefits of oily fish intake in T2DM prevention.
先前的研究强调了油性鱼类摄入量与2型糖尿病（T2DM）之间的关联，但其因果关系仍不明确。
采用双向单变量孟德尔随机化（MR）分析来评估油性鱼类和非油性鱼类摄入量对T2DM的因果效应。进行了重复分析和荟萃分析以确保结果的稳健性。利用多变量MR分析来评估混杂因素，并通过进一步的中介MR分析来识别中介效应。进行连锁不平衡评分（LDSC）分析以计算遗传相关性。逆方差加权（IVW）是主要方法，并辅以一系列敏感性分析。
LDSC分析揭示了油性鱼类摄入量与T2DM之间存在显著的遗传相关性（遗传相关性：-0.102，P = 4.43×10）。在遗传预测的油性鱼类摄入量每增加一个标准差（SD）时，T2DM风险降低38.6%（OR = 0.614，95% CI 0.504～0.748，P = 1.24×10，假发现率（FDR）= 3.72×10）。对三个数据源进行的荟萃分析突出了持续的因果关联（OR = 0.728，95% CI 0.593～0.895，P = 0.003）。未发现其他因果效应（所有P > 0.5，FDR > 0.5）。在大多数敏感性分析中，主要结果保持一致。多变量MR分析和中介MR分析均强调了甘油三酯（TG）、体重指数（BMI）和25-羟基维生素D（25OHD）水平的中介作用。
概括而言，油性鱼类摄入量与T2DM风险呈负相关，表明摄入油性鱼类对预防T2DM具有潜在益处。
