Martinez Katherine A, Gudenkauf Brent, Ratchford Elizabeth V, Kim Esther S H, Sharma Garima
Biochemistry Undergraduate Program, Loyola University Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States.
The Texas Heart Institute Fellowship Program, Houston, TX, United States.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2024 Mar 20;11:1352700. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2024.1352700. eCollection 2024.
Spontaneous coronary artery dissection (SCAD) is an uncommon condition which is increasingly recognized as a cause of significant morbidity. SCAD can cause acute coronary syndrome and myocardial infarction (MI), as well as sudden cardiac death. It presents similarly to atherosclerotic MI although typically in patients with few or no atherosclerotic risk factors, and particularly in women. As more patients are recognized to have this condition, there is a great need for clinician familiarity with diagnostic criteria, as well as with contemporary treatment approaches, and with appropriate patient-centered counseling, including genetic testing, exercise recommendations, and psychological care. The standard of care for patients with SCAD is rapidly evolving. This review therefore summarizes the diagnosis of SCAD, epidemiology, modern treatment, cardiac rehabilitation and preconception counseling, and the current approach to genetic testing, exercise recommendations, and psychological care, all of which are crucial to the vascular medicine specialist.
自发性冠状动脉夹层（SCAD）是一种罕见病症，目前越来越多地被认为是导致严重发病的原因。SCAD可引发急性冠状动脉综合征和心肌梗死（MI），以及心源性猝死。它的表现与动脉粥样硬化性MI相似，不过通常发生在几乎没有或没有动脉粥样硬化风险因素的患者中，尤其是女性。随着越来越多的患者被诊断出患有这种疾病，临床医生非常需要熟悉诊断标准、当代治疗方法以及以患者为中心的适当咨询，包括基因检测、运动建议和心理护理。SCAD患者的护理标准正在迅速发展。因此，本综述总结了SCAD的诊断、流行病学、现代治疗、心脏康复和孕前咨询，以及当前基因检测、运动建议和心理护理的方法，所有这些对血管医学专家来说都至关重要。
