高水分带穗玉米对初产奶牛生产性能、乳脂肪酸组成、血清抗氧化状态及免疫力的影响
Effects of high moisture ear corn on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows.
作者信息
Shang Songlin, Li Zheng, Li Jiajun, Zhao Xi, Zhang Wenjing, Zhang Xinrui, Bai Jinni, Yang Zhiye, Guo Kaijun
机构信息
College of Animal Science and Technology, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, China.
Beijing Institute of Feed Control, Beijing 100107, China.
出版信息
Anim Biosci. 2024 Jul;37(7):1204-1212. doi: 10.5713/ab.23.0318. Epub 2024 Apr 1.
OBJECTIVE
This study evaluated the effects of high moisture ear corn (HMEC) on production performance, milk fatty acid composition, serum antioxidant status, and immunity in primiparous dairy cows.
METHODS
A total of 45 healthy primiparous Holstein cows (36.50±4.30 kg of milk/d, 201±9.00 lactating days in milk) were sorted into 3 groups: control group (CG, n = 15); 50% HMEC (replacing 50% steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15); and 100% HMEC (replacing steam-flaked corn with HMEC, n = 15) on an equal dry matter (DM) basis. The study consisted of adaptation period of 14 days, followed by a formal period of 60 days. Feed intake and milk yield were recorded daily. Milk and blood samples were collected on 1, 30, and 60 d of the experimental period.
RESULTS
The 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) milk yield and DM intake in dairy cows compared to the control group (CG). The 100% HMEC group showed an increase (p<0.05) in 4% fat-corrected milk (4% FCM). Both the 50% HMEC group and 100% HMEC group exhibited significant decreases (p<0.05) in the content of C10:0, C12:0, and C14:0 fatty acids, along with a significant increase (p<0.05) in cis-9C18:1 content. The saturated fatty acid content was significantly lower (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that of CG. Conversely, the monounsaturated fatty acid content was higher (p<0.05) in the 50% HMEC and 100% HMEC groups than that in CG. Notably, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the serum superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase content, while also decreasing the serum malondialdehyde content (p<0.05). Moreover, the 100% HMEC group significantly increased (p<0.05) the content of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM.
CONCLUSION
High moisture ear corn could improve production performance and milk fatty acid levels and enhance immunity and antioxidant capacity in dairy cows. These results lay the foundation for the wider application of HMEC in ruminant animal diets.
目的
本研究评估了高水分带穗玉米（HMEC）对初产奶牛生产性能、乳脂肪酸组成、血清抗氧化状态和免疫力的影响。
方法
将45头健康的初产荷斯坦奶牛（日产奶量36.50±4.30千克，泌乳天数201±9.00天）分为3组：对照组（CG，n = 15）；50% HMEC组（用HMEC替代50%的蒸汽压片玉米，n = 15）；100% HMEC组（用HMEC替代蒸汽压片玉米，n = 15），各组干物质（DM）基础相等。研究包括14天的适应期，随后是60天的正式期。每天记录采食量和产奶量。在试验期的第1、30和60天采集牛奶和血液样本。
结果
与对照组（CG）相比，50% HMEC组和100% HMEC组显著提高了（p<0.05）奶牛的产奶量和干物质采食量。100% HMEC组的4%脂肪校正乳（4% FCM）有所增加（p<0.05）。50% HMEC组和100% HMEC组的C10:0、C12:0和C14:0脂肪酸含量均显著降低（p<0.05），同时顺式-9C18:1含量显著增加（p<0.05）。50% HMEC组和100% HMEC组的饱和脂肪酸含量显著低于（p<0.05）CG组。相反，50% HMEC组和100% HMEC组的单不饱和脂肪酸含量高于（p<0.05）CG组。值得注意的是，100% HMEC组显著增加了（p<0.05）血清超氧化物歧化酶和谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶含量，同时降低了血清丙二醛含量（p<0.05）。此外，100% HMEC组显著增加了（p<0.05）免疫球蛋白G（IgG）和IgM的含量。
结论
高水分带穗玉米可提高奶牛的生产性能和乳脂肪酸水平，增强免疫力和抗氧化能力。这些结果为HMEC在反刍动物日粮中的更广泛应用奠定了基础。
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