Microbiotech Ltd, Pershore College, Avonbank, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR10 3JP, UK.
Microbiotech Ltd, Pershore College, Avonbank, Pershore, Worcestershire, WR10 3JP, UK.
Fungal Biol. 2024 Apr;128(2):1698-1704. doi: 10.1016/j.funbio.2024.02.004. Epub 2024 Feb 14.
Peat-based casings have been used for button mushroom (Agaricus bisporus) cultivation for decades but there is environmental pressure to find sustainable alternatives. This work aimed to characterise the physicochemical properties of peat and peat-substituted casings and to determine their influence on mushroom cropping to enable alternatives to be identified. British milled peat and German wet-dug peat casings produced smaller mushrooms than Irish wet-dug peat casing although yield was unaffected. Substitution of milled or wet-dug peat casings with 25% v/v bark, green waste compost or spent mushroom casing, except Irish wet-dug peat casing with spent peat mushroom casing, caused reductions in mushroom yield and/or size. These poorer results of casings compared with Irish wet-dug peat casing corresponded with lower water retention volumes at matric potential (Ψ) -15 kPa but not after drainage from saturation or at -1 kPa. Air-filled porosity (17-22% v/v), compacted bulk density after drainage (670-800 g L) and electrical conductivity (0.30-0.54 mS cm) of casings were unrelated to their mushroom cropping performance. In-situ casing measurements with electronic tensiometers confirmed laboratory casing physical analysis: at the same casing Ψ, Irish wet-dug peat casing had a higher water content than German wet-dug peat casing and produced larger mushrooms for the same yield. Solid-state foam-based tensiometers were more robust than water-filled tensiometers but they did not detect the full decrease in casing Ψ during a flush of mushrooms. The results indicate that if sustainable materials are to replace wet-dug peat casing with the same mushroom yield and size quality performance, they should have equivalent water retention volumes at Ψ -15 kPa. Measurement of casing Ψ with electronic tensiometers to control mushroom crop irrigation should assist in this transition.
基于泥炭的菌袋已经被用于双孢蘑菇（Agaricus bisporus）栽培数十年，但为了寻找可持续的替代品，目前面临着环境压力。本研究旨在对泥炭和替代菌袋的理化特性进行分析，并评估其对蘑菇栽培的影响，以确定可替代的菌袋。与爱尔兰湿挖泥炭菌袋相比，英国磨碎泥炭和德国湿挖泥炭菌袋生产的蘑菇较小，但产量不受影响。用 25%体积比的树皮、绿肥堆肥或用过的蘑菇菌袋替代磨碎或湿挖泥炭菌袋，除了爱尔兰湿挖泥炭菌袋用用过的泥炭蘑菇菌袋替代之外，都会导致蘑菇产量和/或大小下降。与爱尔兰湿挖泥炭菌袋相比，其他菌袋的结果较差，这与在基质势（Ψ）-15 kPa 下的保水体积较低有关，但在排水至饱和或-1 kPa 后，保水体积并无差异。菌袋的空气孔隙率（17-22%体积比）、排水后压实的体积密度（670-800 g L）和电导率（0.30-0.54 mS cm）与其蘑菇栽培性能无关。电子张力计的原位菌袋测量结果证实了实验室菌袋物理分析的结果：在相同的菌袋 Ψ 下，爱尔兰湿挖泥炭菌袋的含水量高于德国湿挖泥炭菌袋，在相同产量下生产的蘑菇更大。固态泡沫基张力计比注水张力计更耐用，但在蘑菇大量生长时，它们无法检测到菌袋 Ψ 的全面下降。结果表明，如果要在保持相同蘑菇产量和大小质量的情况下，用可持续材料替代湿挖泥炭菌袋，那么这些材料在 Ψ -15 kPa 下应具有相同的保水体积。使用电子张力计测量菌袋 Ψ 以控制蘑菇作物灌溉，应有助于实现这一转变。
