Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Naval Medical Center Portsmouth, 620 John Paul Jones Cir, Portsmouth, VA, 23708, USA; Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
Department of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Eastern Virginia Medical School, 600 Gresham Drive, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA; Department of Pediatric Sleep Medicine, Children's Hospital of the King's Daughters, 601 Children's Ln, Norfolk, VA 23507, USA.
Otolaryngol Clin North Am. 2024 Aug;57(4):581-587. doi: 10.1016/j.otc.2024.02.015. Epub 2024 Apr 4.
Swallowing is an elaborate process that requires neuromuscular coordination. Pediatric esophageal dysphagia is broadly categorized into structural and nonstructural causes. The structural causes of pediatric esophageal dysphagia are related to processes that narrow the lumen of the esophagus. Esophageal strictures are the result of scar tissue formation within the lumen of the esophagus, leading to stenosis. Vascular rings and slings cause external compression of the esophagus. Diagnosis requires an esophagram and computed tomography or magnetic resonance imaging. Treatment is guided by the patient's symptoms and underlying diagnosis, although it often requires surgical intervention when symptomatic.
吞咽是一个需要神经肌肉协调的复杂过程。小儿食管吞咽困难广泛分为结构性和非结构性原因。小儿食管吞咽困难的结构性原因与使食管管腔变窄的过程有关。食管狭窄是食管管腔内疤痕组织形成导致狭窄的结果。血管环和吊带导致食管外部受压。诊断需要食管造影和计算机断层扫描或磁共振成像。治疗根据患者的症状和潜在诊断进行指导，尽管在有症状时通常需要手术干预。
