College of NursingᆞResearch Institute of Nursing Science, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
College of Nursing, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongsangnam-do, Korea.
BMC Infect Dis. 2024 Mar 26;24(1):353. doi: 10.1186/s12879-024-09167-6.
Annually, 175.4 million people are infected with scabies worldwide. Although parasitic infections are important nosocomial infections, they are unrecognized compared to bacterial, fungal, and viral infections. In particular, nonspecific cutaneous manifestations of scabies lead to delayed diagnosis and frequent nosocomial transmission. Hospital-based studies on the risk factors for scabies have yet to be systematically reviewed.
The study followed the PRISMA guidelines and was prospectively registered in PROSPERO (CRD42023363278). Literature searches were conducted in three international (PubMed, Embase, and CINAHL) and four Korean (DBpia, KISS, RISS, and Science ON) databases. We included hospital-based studies with risk estimates calculated with 95% confidence intervals for risk factors for scabies infection. The quality of the studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal tools. Two authors independently performed the screening and assessed the quality of the studies.
A total of 12 studies were included. Personal characteristics were categorized into demographic, economic, residential, and behavioral factors. The identified risk factors were low economic status and unhygienic behavioral practices. Being a patient in a long-term care facility or institution was an important factor. Frequent patient contact and lack of personal protective equipment were identified as risk factors. For clinical characteristics, factors were categorized as personal health and hospital environment. People who had contact with itchy others were at higher risk of developing scabies. Patients with higher severity and those with a large number of catheters are also at increased risk for scabies infection.
Factors contributing to scabies in hospitals range from personal to clinical. We emphasize the importance of performing a full skin examination when patients present with scabies symptoms and are transferred from settings such as nursing homes and assisted-living facilities, to reduce the transmission of scabies. In addition, patient education to prevent scabies and infection control systems for healthcare workers, such as wearing personal protective equipment, are needed.
全球每年有 1.754 亿人感染疥疮。尽管寄生虫感染是重要的医院感染，但与细菌、真菌和病毒感染相比，这些感染未被充分认识。特别是，疥疮的非特异性皮肤表现导致诊断延迟和频繁的医院内传播。关于疥疮危险因素的基于医院的研究尚未进行系统审查。
本研究遵循 PRISMA 指南，并在 PROSPERO（CRD42023363278）中进行前瞻性注册。在三个国际（PubMed、Embase 和 CINAHL）和四个韩国（DBpia、KISS、RISS 和 Science ON）数据库中进行文献检索。我们纳入了使用 95%置信区间计算疥疮感染危险因素的风险估计值的基于医院的研究。使用 Joanna Briggs 研究所的批判性评估工具评估研究的质量。两位作者独立进行筛选并评估研究的质量。
共纳入 12 项研究。个人特征分为人口统计学、经济、居住和行为因素。确定的危险因素是经济状况低下和不卫生的行为习惯。长期护理机构或医疗机构中的患者是一个重要因素。频繁的患者接触和缺乏个人防护设备被确定为危险因素。对于临床特征，因素分为个人健康和医院环境。与有瘙痒的人接触的人患疥疮的风险更高。病情较重和留置导管数量较多的患者也更容易感染疥疮。
导致医院疥疮的因素包括个人因素和临床因素。我们强调在有疥疮症状的患者从养老院和辅助生活设施等环境转移时，进行全面皮肤检查的重要性，以减少疥疮的传播。此外，需要对患者进行预防疥疮和感染控制的教育，例如医护人员佩戴个人防护设备。
