Fürnkranz Ursula, Walochnik Julia
Institute for Specific Prophylaxis and Tropical Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Kinderspitalgasse 15, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
Pathogens. 2021 Feb 19;10(2):238. doi: 10.3390/pathogens10020238.
Nosocomial infections (NIs) pose an increasing threat to public health. The majority of NIs are bacterial, fungal, and viral infections; however, parasites also play a considerable role in NIs, particularly in our increasingly complex healthcare environment with a growing proportion of immunocompromised patients. Moreover, parasitic infections acquired via blood transfusion or organ transplantation are more likely to have severe or fatal disease outcomes compared with the normal route of infection. Many of these infections are preventable and most are treatable, but as the awareness for parasitic NIs is low, diagnosis and treatment are often delayed, resulting not only in higher health care costs but, importantly, also in prolonged courses of disease for the patients. For this article, we searched online databases and printed literature to give an overview of the causative agents of parasitic NIs, including the possible routes of infection and the diseases caused. Our review covers a broad spectrum of cases, ranging from widely known parasitic NIs, like blood transfusion malaria or water-borne cryptosporidiosis, to less well-known NIs, such as the transmission of by solid organ transplantation or nosocomial myiasis. In addition, emerging NIs, such as babesiosis by blood transfusion or person-to-person transmitted scabies, are described.
医院感染（NIs）对公众健康构成了日益严重的威胁。大多数医院感染是细菌、真菌和病毒感染；然而，寄生虫在医院感染中也起着相当重要的作用，特别是在我们日益复杂的医疗环境中，免疫功能低下患者的比例不断增加。此外，与正常感染途径相比，通过输血或器官移植获得的寄生虫感染更有可能导致严重或致命的疾病后果。这些感染中的许多是可以预防的，大多数也是可以治疗的，但由于对寄生虫医院感染的认识较低，诊断和治疗往往会延迟，这不仅导致更高的医疗成本，而且重要的是，还会使患者的病程延长。在本文中，我们检索了在线数据库和印刷文献，以概述寄生虫医院感染的病原体，包括可能的感染途径和所引起的疾病。我们的综述涵盖了广泛的病例，从广为人知的寄生虫医院感染，如输血疟疾或水源性隐孢子虫病，到不太知名的医院感染，如通过实体器官移植传播的 或医院蝇蛆病。此外，还描述了新出现的医院感染，如输血巴贝斯虫病或人传人疥疮。
