Yu Hai-Bin, Gao Liang, Gao Jia-Qi, Samwer Konrad
Wuhan National High Magnetic Field Center and School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität Göttingen, Göttingen D-37077, Germany.
Natl Sci Rev. 2024 Mar 9;11(5):nwae091. doi: 10.1093/nsr/nwae091. eCollection 2024 May.
Relaxation processes are crucial for understanding the structural rearrangements of liquids and amorphous materials. However, the overarching principle that governs these processes across vastly different materials remains an open question. Substantial analysis has been carried out based on the motions of individual particles. Here, as an alternative, we propose viewing the global configuration as a single entity. We introduce a global order parameter, namely the inherent structure minimal displacement (IS ), to quantify the variability of configurations by a pattern-matching technique. Through atomic simulations of seven model glass-forming liquids, we unify the influences of temperature, pressure and perturbation time on the relaxation dissipation, via a scaling law between the mechanical damping factor and IS . Fundamentally, this scaling reflects the curvature of the local potential energy landscape. Our findings uncover a universal origin of glassy relaxation and offer an alternative approach to studying disordered systems.
弛豫过程对于理解液体和非晶态材料的结构重排至关重要。然而，支配这些跨越极其不同材料的过程的总体原则仍然是一个悬而未决的问题。基于单个粒子的运动已经进行了大量分析。在这里，作为一种替代方法，我们建议将全局构型视为一个单一实体。我们引入一个全局序参量，即固有结构最小位移（IS），通过模式匹配技术来量化构型的可变性。通过对七种模型玻璃形成液体的原子模拟，我们通过机械阻尼因子和IS之间的标度律，统一了温度、压力和微扰时间对弛豫耗散的影响。从根本上说，这种标度反映了局部势能面的曲率。我们的发现揭示了玻璃态弛豫的普遍起源，并为研究无序系统提供了一种替代方法。
