Weijzen Michelle E G, Kohlen Maxime, Monsegue Alejandra, Houtvast Dion C J, Nyakayiru Jean, Beijer Sandra, Geerlings Phil, Verdijk Lex B, van Loon Luc J C
Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands.
Department of Dietetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre+, the Netherlands.
Clin Nutr. 2024 May;43(5):1073-1078. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2024.03.016. Epub 2024 Mar 28.
BACKGROUND & AIM: In hospitalized patients, daily protein intake remains far below WHO requirements for healthy adults (0.8 g·kg·d) as well as ESPEN guidelines for patients (1.2-1.5 g·kg·d). Providing access to a pre-sleep protein dense snack between dinner and going to bed may serve as a great opportunity to increase daily energy and protein intake in hospitalized patients. However, it remains to be assessed whether protein provision prior to sleep effectively increases protein intake, or may reduce food intake throughout the remainder of the day(s). The present study evaluated the impact of giving access to a pre-sleep snack on daily energy and protein intake in patients throughout their hospitalization.
Patients admitted to the surgical wards of the Maastricht University Medical Centre+ were randomly allocated to usual care (n = 51) or given access to a pre-sleep snack (n = 50). The pre-sleep snack consisted of 103 g cheese cubes (30 g protein) provided between 7:30 and 9:30 PM, prior to sleep. All food provided and all food consumed was weighed and recorded throughout (2-7 days) hospitalization. Daily energy and protein intake and distribution were calculated. Data were analyzed by independent T-Tests with P < 0.05 considered as statistically significant.
Daily energy intake was higher in the pre-sleep group (1353 ± 424 kcal d) when compared to the usual care group (1190 ± 402 kcal·d; P = 0.049). Providing patients access to a pre-sleep snack resulted in a 17% (11 ± 9 g) higher daily protein intake (0.81 ± 0.29 g·kg·d) when compared to the usual care group (0.69 ± 0.28 g·kg·d; P = 0.045). Protein intake at breakfast, lunch, and dinner did not differ between the pre-sleep and usual care groups (all P > 0.05).
Providing access to a pre-sleep protein snack, in the form of protein dense food items such as cheese, represents an effective dietary strategy to increase daily energy and protein intake in hospitalized patients. Patients consuming pre-sleep protein snacks do not compensate by lowering energy or protein intake throughout the remainder of the days. Pre-sleep protein dense food provision should be implemented in hospital food logistics to improve the nutritional intake of patients.
NL8507 (https://trialsearch.who.int/).
在住院患者中，每日蛋白质摄入量仍远低于世界卫生组织对健康成年人的要求（0.8克·千克·天）以及欧洲临床营养和代谢学会针对患者的指南（1.2 - 1.5克·千克·天）。在晚餐至就寝之间提供一份睡前高蛋白零食，可能是增加住院患者每日能量和蛋白质摄入量的好机会。然而，睡前补充蛋白质是否能有效增加蛋白质摄入量，或者是否会减少当天剩余时间的食物摄入量，仍有待评估。本研究评估了提供睡前零食对患者住院期间每日能量和蛋白质摄入量的影响。
马斯特里赫特大学医学中心+外科病房收治的患者被随机分为常规护理组（n = 51）或给予睡前零食组（n = 50）。睡前零食为103克奶酪块（30克蛋白质），在晚上7:30至9:30之间、睡前提供。在整个住院期间（2 - 7天），对提供的所有食物和消耗的所有食物进行称重和记录。计算每日能量和蛋白质摄入量及分布情况。采用独立样本t检验进行数据分析，P < 0.05被认为具有统计学意义。
与常规护理组（1190 ± 402千卡·天）相比，睡前零食组的每日能量摄入量更高（1353 ± 424千卡·天；P = 0.049）。与常规护理组（0.69 ± 0.28克·千克·天；P = 0.045）相比，为患者提供睡前零食使每日蛋白质摄入量提高了17%（11 ± 9克）（0.81 ± 0.29克·千克·天）。睡前零食组和常规护理组在早餐、午餐和晚餐时的蛋白质摄入量无差异（所有P > 0.05）。
以奶酪等高蛋白食物形式提供睡前蛋白质零食，是增加住院患者每日能量和蛋白质摄入量的有效饮食策略。食用睡前蛋白质零食的患者在当天剩余时间不会通过减少能量或蛋白质摄入量来进行补偿。医院食品供应流程应采用提供睡前高蛋白食物的方式，以改善患者的营养摄入。
