Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
Department of Psychology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Canada.
J Pain. 2024 Aug;25(8):104516. doi: 10.1016/j.jpain.2024.03.012. Epub 2024 Apr 3.
Chronic pain and mental health issues occur at higher rates in Veterans than the general population. One widely recognized mental health issue faced by Veterans is post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Trauma symptoms and pain frequently co-occur and are mutually maintained due to shared mechanisms. Many Veterans are also parents. Parental physical and mental health issues significantly predict children's chronic pain and related functioning, which can continue into adulthood. Only 1 U.S.-based study has examined pain in the offspring of Veterans, suggesting a heightened risk for pain. Research to date has not examined the associations between trauma and pain and the dyadic influences of these symptoms, among Veterans, and their children. The current study aimed to describe pain characteristics in Canadian Armed Forces Members/Veterans with chronic pain and their offspring (youth and adult children aged 9-38). Cross-lagged panel models were conducted to examine dyadic relationships between pain interference and trauma symptoms of Canadian Armed Forces Members/Veterans and their offspring. Over half of adult offspring and over one-quarter of youth offspring reported chronic pain. Results revealed effects between one's own symptoms of PTSD and pain interference. No significant effects of parents on offspring or offspring on parents were found. The findings highlight the interconnection between pain and PTSD consistent with mutual maintenance models and a lack of significant interpersonal findings suggestive of resiliency in this unique population. PERSPECTIVE: We characterized chronic pain in the offspring of Canadian Armed Forces Members/Veterans with chronic pain and examined dyadic relationships between PTSD symptoms and chronic pain interference. Findings revealed that PTSD symptoms and pain interference were related within Veterans and offspring, but no dyadic relationships were found, which could reflect resiliency.
慢性疼痛和心理健康问题在退伍军人中的发生率高于普通人群。退伍军人中广泛存在的心理健康问题之一是创伤后应激障碍（PTSD）。创伤症状和疼痛经常同时发生，并由于共同的机制而相互维持。许多退伍军人也是父母。父母的身心健康问题显著预测了孩子的慢性疼痛及其相关功能，这些问题可能会持续到成年。只有一项基于美国的研究检查了退伍军人子女的疼痛情况，表明疼痛风险增加。迄今为止的研究尚未检查创伤和疼痛之间的关联，以及这些症状在退伍军人及其子女之间的双向影响。本研究旨在描述患有慢性疼痛的加拿大武装部队成员/退伍军人及其子女（9-38 岁的青年和成年子女）的疼痛特征。交叉滞后面板模型用于检查加拿大武装部队成员/退伍军人及其子女的疼痛干扰和创伤症状之间的双向关系。超过一半的成年子女和超过四分之一的青年子女报告有慢性疼痛。结果显示，自身 PTSD 症状和疼痛干扰之间存在影响。未发现父母对子女或子女对父母的显著影响。研究结果强调了疼痛和 PTSD 之间的相互联系，这与相互维持模型一致，并且在这个独特的人群中，没有明显的人际发现表明具有恢复力。观点：我们描述了患有慢性疼痛的加拿大武装部队成员/退伍军人的子女的慢性疼痛，并检查了 PTSD 症状和慢性疼痛干扰之间的双向关系。研究结果表明，退伍军人和子女中 PTSD 症状和疼痛干扰之间存在相关性，但未发现双向关系，这可能反映了恢复力。
