Maercker Andreas, Bachem Rahel, Mutuyimana Celestin, Eberle David
Psychopathologie und Klinische Intervention, Universität Zürich, Schweiz.
Psychother Psychosom Med Psychol. 2024 Jul;74(7):276-285. doi: 10.1055/a-2276-4992. Epub 2024 Apr 5.
The concept of cultural scripts has proven to be very useful for describing depression-like psychological complaints in different cultural regions of the world. The article presents the galaxy model and its implementation in the model of cultural scripts theoretically for the first time and connects these with cultural psychological value research. A new, extensive series of research projects aims to investigate post-trauma -related psychological complaints in various regions of the world.
The work in two countries/regions began with focus groups in which elements of cultural scripts were collected by traumatized clients and/or by (therapeutic) experts. For this purpose, a theory-based framework of possible post-traumatic script elements was provided. In Switzerland, focus groups were conducted with patients and experts. Focus groups were conducted with genocide survivors and other trauma victims in Rwanda and three East African countries. The evaluation was semi-quantitative.
In Switzerland, around 50 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements (e. g. still having to function). Approximately 100 symptoms and changes were mentioned as script elements in East Africa (e. g. loss of dignity). The first temporal connections (i. e. strong scripts) were found for the Swiss scripts (e. g. self-devaluation - urge to function). In the East African study, cultural value orientations underlying the script groupings were also assessed (e. g. community reputation).
The illustrative results presented here demonstrate the galaxy model and the suitability of the cultural script concept for recording the effects of trauma. There are differences and similarities in the two world regions examined so far. Further steps at the two study sites will be the temporal connections and the relationships to value orientations. The studies will be started at the other study sites in the following years.
文化脚本的概念已被证明在描述世界不同文化区域中类似抑郁的心理诉求方面非常有用。本文首次从理论上介绍了星系模型及其在文化脚本模型中的应用，并将其与文化心理价值研究联系起来。一系列新的、广泛的研究项目旨在调查世界各地区与创伤后相关的心理诉求。
在两个国家/地区开展的工作始于焦点小组，受创伤的客户和/或（治疗）专家收集文化脚本的元素。为此，提供了一个基于理论的可能的创伤后脚本元素框架。在瑞士，对患者和专家进行了焦点小组访谈。在卢旺达和三个东非国家，对种族灭绝幸存者和其他创伤受害者进行了焦点小组访谈。评估是半定量的。
在瑞士，约50种症状和变化被提及为脚本元素（例如仍需履行职责）。在东非，约100种症状和变化被提及为脚本元素（例如尊严丧失）。在瑞士的脚本中发现了最初的时间联系（即强烈的脚本）（例如自我贬低 - 履行职责的冲动）。在东非的研究中，还评估了脚本分组背后的文化价值取向（例如社区声誉）。
这里展示的说明性结果证明了星系模型以及文化脚本概念在记录创伤影响方面的适用性。在迄今为止研究的两个世界区域存在差异和相似之处。两个研究地点的进一步步骤将是时间联系以及与价值取向的关系。未来几年将在其他研究地点开展这些研究。
