School of Public Health, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
Department of Psychology, Beijing Normal University at Zhuhai, Zhuhai, China.
J Youth Adolesc. 2024 Jun;53(6):1287-1300. doi: 10.1007/s10964-024-01975-y. Epub 2024 Apr 5.
The reciprocity and variation of values and beliefs are dynamic features of the parent-child relationship. Parents and adolescents may hold congruent or incongruent views regarding the malleability of socioeconomic status (mindset of SES), potentially influencing adolescents' psychological and physiological stress outcomes, as reflected in stress perceptions and the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning. The current study investigated how patterns of parent-adolescent congruence and incongruence in mindset of SES were associated with adolescents' perceived stress and diurnal cortisol patterns four months later. A total of 253 adolescents (M = 12.60, 46.2% girls) and their parents (M = 40.09 years, 59.5% mothers) participated in this study. Polynomial regression analyses and response surface analyses showed that adolescents perceived lower levels of stress when they themselves or their parents reported a stronger growth mindset of SES. Additionally, adolescents with a stronger growth mindset of SES also exhibited a steeper diurnal cortisol slope. Moreover, parents' mindset significantly interacted with adolescents' mindset to influence adolescents' diurnal cortisol patterns such that when adolescents hold weaker growth mindset of SES, those with higher parental growth mindsets had significantly higher cortisol awakening response and steeper diurnal cortisol slope. Furthermore, adolescents who showed incongruence with their parents but had averagely stronger growth mindsets of SES reported a significantly steeper diurnal cortisol slope than those who had averagely weaker growth mindsets with their parents. The findings point to the beneficial impacts of the growth mindset of SES on stress-related outcomes among adolescents, as well as the significance of considering both parents' and adolescents' mindsets when exploring these associations.
价值观和信念的相互影响和变化是亲子关系的动态特征。父母和青少年对于社会经济地位的可塑程度（SES 心态）可能持有一致或不一致的观点，这可能会影响青少年的心理和生理压力结果，反映在压力感知和下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴功能上。本研究调查了 SES 心态中父母与青少年的一致性和不一致性模式如何与四个月后青少年的感知压力和日间皮质醇模式相关。共有 253 名青少年（M=12.60，46.2%为女孩）及其父母（M=40.09 岁，59.5%为母亲）参与了这项研究。多项式回归分析和响应面分析表明，当青少年自己或他们的父母报告 SES 的成长心态较强时，他们感知到的压力水平较低。此外，SES 具有较强成长心态的青少年也表现出更陡峭的日间皮质醇斜率。此外，父母的心态与青少年的心态显著相互作用，影响青少年的日间皮质醇模式，即当青少年 SES 的成长心态较弱时，具有较高父母成长心态的青少年皮质醇觉醒反应和日间皮质醇斜率显著较高。此外，与父母不一致但 SES 成长心态平均较强的青少年报告的日间皮质醇斜率明显比与父母 SES 成长心态平均较弱的青少年陡峭。研究结果表明，SES 的成长心态对青少年的压力相关结果具有有益影响，并且在探索这些关联时考虑父母和青少年的心态具有重要意义。
